简化你的Python Selenium Webdriver代码:二次封装显式等待与元素定位

在不使用任何二次封装的情况下，很多时候必须写一行元素等待，再进行操作，并且代码看上去实在是很长。比如一个简单的登陆操作，得写这么一大堆:

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
def loginWebsite():
	driver.get('www.xxx.com')
    driver.maximize_window()
    username = 'username'
    password = 'password'
    sleep(3)
    driver.find_element_by_id("dropdown-account").click()
    sleep(3)
    driver.find_element_by_id("login").send_keys(username)
    driver.find_element_by_id("login").submit()
    sleep(3)
    driver.find_element_by_id("password").send_keys(password)
    driver.find_element_by_id("password").submit()

这还是直接有id定位+强制等待的情况下，同样的功能，如果我们只有css/xpath可以参考，并且使用隐式/显示等待，那代码就会更长更丑（虽然不难读懂）：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
def login():
	driver.get('www.xxx.com')
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    try:
    	driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="secondary-\block"]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/label').click()
   	except NoSuchElementException as e:
   		print(e)
   	#隐式等待10s
    WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#logoin-page > div > div > section > input'),message='')
	driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#order-detail-page > div > div > section > p').send_keys(username)
   	driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#order-detail-page > div > div > section > p').submit()
   	WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,'//*[@id="secondary-\block"]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]'),message='')
   	driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="secondary-\block"]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]').send_keys(password)
   	driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="secondary-\block"]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]').send_keys(submit)
   	#显示等待10s
   	#presence_of_element_located判断某个元素是否被加到了dom 树里
   	
      

不管使用哪种，都是等元素，找元素，操作元素。要写三句啊很麻烦有木有！下面直接上我的封装代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome('D:/chromedriver.exe')

    def find(self,method,value,secs=20):
        wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs)
        try:
            if method == 'id':
                wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, value)))#presence_of_element_located省略了message字段必须有两层括号
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
            elif method == 'name':
                wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, value)))
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
            elif method == 'class':
                wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)
            elif method == 'linktext':
                wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value)))
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(value)
            elif method == 'xpath':
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)
                wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, value)))
            elif method == 'css':
                wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value)
            else:
                print("语法错误")
        except BaseException as e:
            print(e)
        return element

这样我再在这个class里写登陆function的时候，只需要：

    def login(self,username,password):
        self.find('id','dropdown-account').click()
        self.find('id','login').send_keys(username)
        self.find('id','login').submit()
        self.find('id','password').send_keys(password)
        self.find('id','password').submit()

简洁哭了有木有！！！