小白入门（二）：Linux下安装Oracle 11g数据库静默安装过程

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-24 23:43:27 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-03-24 23:43:27 发布
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分类专栏： 小白入门 文章标签： linux 数据库 oracle
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41607523/article/details/110519629
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文章目录

前言

继入门（一）文章：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41607523/article/details/110482175
这次我们学习一下通过静默安装oracle数据库
在静默安装前需要先完成前期所以准备，请参考入门（一）文章"一、环境搭建"

提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、静默安装

软件包解压后得到database目录，其中包含response目录，该目录中有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。
三个文件作用分别是：
db_install.rsp：安装应答
dbca.rsp：创建数据库应答
netca.rsp：建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答
/data/database/database/response
将db_install.rsp备份一份，在其基础上修改内容

二、操作步骤

1.完成配置文件db_install.rsp：

db_install.rsp文件需要配置的信息：(内容请根据实际情况修改)

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

[oracle@tdcxl response]$ grep -v  "^#" /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp | more
[oracle@tdcxl response]$ cat db_install.rsp 
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
##                                                                ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize     ##
## your installation.                                             ##
##                                                                ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment        ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate        ##
## values.							  ##
##                                                                ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and    ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user  ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation.                ##
##                                                                ##
####################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# 3. UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames 
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=tdcxl

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.  
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oraInventory

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.             
#
# en   : English                  ja   : Japanese                  
# fr   : French                   ko   : Korean                    
# ar   : Arabic                   es   : Latin American Spanish    
# bn   : Bengali                  lv   : Latvian                   
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese     lt   : Lithuanian                
# bg   : Bulgarian                ms   : Malay                     
# fr_CA: Canadian French          es_MX: Mexican Spanish           
# ca   : Catalan                  no   : Norwegian                 
# hr   : Croatian                 pl   : Polish                    
# cs   : Czech                    pt   : Portuguese                
# da   : Danish                   ro   : Romanian                  
# nl   : Dutch                    ru   : Russian                   
# ar_EG: Egyptian                 zh_CN: Simplified Chinese        
# en_GB: English (Great Britain)  sk   : Slovak                    
# et   : Estonian                 sl   : Slovenian                 
# fi   : Finnish                  es_ES: Spanish                   
# de   : German                   sv   : Swedish                   
# el   : Greek                    th   : Thai                      
# iw   : Hebrew                   zh_TW: Traditional Chinese       
# hu   : Hungarian                tr   : Turkish                   
# is   : Icelandic                uk   : Ukrainian                 
# in   : Indonesian               vi   : Vietnamese                
# it   : Italian                                                   
#
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle /product/11.2.0/db_1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.                        
#                                                             
# The value should contain only one of these choices.        
# EE     : Enterprise Edition                                
# SE     : Standard Edition                                  
# SEONE  : Standard Edition One
# PE     : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true  : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
#         are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true. 
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
#              The following choices are available. You may specify any
#              combination of these choices.  The components you choose should
#              be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
#              Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#        
#              oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
#              oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
#              oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault 
#              oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
#              oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing 
#              oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS                                  	      #
# ------------------------------------------                                  #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges       #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the   #		
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.	      #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING          
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE                                
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl.com

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#                                              
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management 
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available 
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. 
# These settings may also be disabled.    
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the	      #
# starter database:      						      #
#   SYS                                                                       #
#   SYSTEM                                                                    #
#   SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#   DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#                                                                             #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) 		      #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)       #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Passw0rd

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. 
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL
# 2. DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage 
# the database.      
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical 
# alerts when using DB control.   
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=


###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS                                 	      #
# ------------------------------------		                              #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned    #
# using the entries below.						      #	
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else 
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if 
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system 
# user that is specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if 
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.         
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.                  
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
#  Example   : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example    : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example    : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection. 
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example    : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example    : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example    : PROXY_PORT=25 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD 
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example    : PROXY_USER=username 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD  
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example    : PROXY_PWD=password 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=

代码如下（示例）：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import  ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

2.执行：

[root@tdcxl ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database
[root@tdcxl ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@tdcxl ~]# cd /data/database/database
[oracle@tdcxl database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp

3.问题解决：

权限问题 ins 32038：

解决1：

[root@tdcxl data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory/

解决2：组信息不对 删除用户重建分组

[root@tdcxl ~]# userdel -r oracle
[root@tdcxl ~]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba oracle
[root@tdcxl ~]# passwd oracle

Ins 13013：

解决：加上 -ignorePrereq 命令，就可以了。

[oracle@tdcxl database]$  ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp

Ins10101：

更新必要软件包

[root@tdcxl ~]# yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 make sysstat

Ins13014：若无日志提示！删除重建！

在这里插入图片描述

三、静默dbca建库：

[root@tdcxl ~]# vim /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp

修改如下内容：
GDBNAME = "orcl.com"		 //78 行 编码
SID="orcl" 		//149行 编码 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" 		//415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" 		//425行 编码

Oracle用户下：

[root@tdcxl ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@tdcxl ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp

执行完会进行清屏！
然后输入两次密码后开始自动创建库！
在这里插入图片描述
连接库：

[oracle@tdcxl ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 26 13:39:35 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected.

四、开机自启监听，oracle：

[oracle@tdcxl ~]$ vim /etc/oratab

在这里插入图片描述
Root用户下：
#在文件末尾增加如下内容
su - oracle -c ‘dbstart’
su - oracle -c ‘lsnrctl start’

[root@tdcxl ~]# vim /etc/rc.local

在这里插入图片描述

#赋权
[root@tdcxl ~]#  chmod +x /etc/rc.local

附：防火墙开放1521端口：

查看端口是否开放：

[root@tdcxl~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=1521/tcp

在这里插入图片描述
永久开放1521端口号：

[root@tdcxl ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp

在这里插入图片描述
重启防火墙：

[root@tdcxl ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service

查看防火墙状态：

[root@tdcxl ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service

在这里插入图片描述
启动|关闭|重新启动 防火墙
systemctl [start|stop|restart] firewalld.service

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