1.下载wgirb2工具（用于读取grib2文件）网址： ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wd51we/wgrib2【若无法下载或下载不了推荐已整理好直接使用整理好解压后直接使用】
2.环境 python3
3.简单易行的代码：
import os
os.chdir('C:\\Users\\lvdian\\Desktop\\wgirb2' )#下载解压后wgirb2的路径
os.system(r"wgrib2 C:\\Users\\lvdian\\Desktop\\r500z\\z500.l.gdas.198101.grb2 -v")#查看文件
os.system("wgrib2 C:\\Users\\lvdian\\Desktop\\r500z\\z500.l.gdas.198101.grb2 -csv data2.csv")#将文件写入csv文件
C:\\Users\\lvdian\\Desktop\\r500z\\z500.l.gdas.198101.grb2 为所要读取的rgb2文件
最终写入的data2.csv 文件在C:\\Users\\lvdian\\Desktop\\wgirb2 路径里。
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R版本的详见 R版本rgb2格式数据处理
常见的命令参考：
wgrib2 v0.2.0.6c 2/2017 Wesley Ebisuzaki, Reinoud Bokhorst, John Howard, Jaakko Hyvätti, Dusan Jovic, Daniel Lee, Kristian Nilssen, Karl Pfeiffer, Pablo Romero, Manfred Schwarb, Gregor Schee, Arlindo da Silva, Niklas Sondell, Sam Trahan, Sergey Varlamov stock build -0xSec inv X Hex dump of section X (0..8) -aerosol_size inv optical properties of an aerosol -aerosol_wavelength inv optical properties of an aerosol -bitmap inv bitmap mode -center inv center -checksum inv X CRC checksum of section X (0..8), whole message (X = -1/message) or (X=data) -disc inv discipline (code table 0.0) -domain inv find rectangular domain for g2ctl/GrADS plots -end_ft inv verf time = reference_time + forecast_time + stat. proc time (YYYYMMDDHH) (same as -vt) -end_FT inv verf time = reference_time + forecast_time + stat. proc time (YYYYMMDDHHMMSS) (same as -VT) -ens inv ensemble information -ext_name inv extended name, var+qualifiers -ftime inv forecast time -ftime2 inv timestamp -- will replace -ftime in the future TESTING -ftn_api_fn0 inv n npnts nx ny msg_no submsg i8,5(1x,i8) -full_name inv extended name, var+qualifiers -gdt inv contents of Grid Definition Template (g2c) -get_byte inv X Y Z get bytes in Section X, Octet Y, number of bytes Z (decimal format) -get_hex inv X Y Z get bytes in Section X, Octet Y, number of bytes Z (bytes in hexadecimal format) -get_ieee inv X Y Z get ieee float in Section X, Octet Y, number of floats Z -get_int inv X Y Z get 4-byte ints in Section X, Octet Y, number of ints Z -get_int2 inv X Y Z get 2-byte ints in Section X, Octet Y, number of ints Z -grib_max_bits inv maximum bits used in grib encoding -grid inv grid definition -grid_id inv show values from grid_id -hybrid inv shows vertical coordinate parameters from Sec4 -ij inv X Y value of field at grid(X,Y) X=1,..,nx Y=1,..,ny (WxText enabled) -ijlat inv X Y lat,lon and grid value at grid(X,Y) X=1,..,nx Y=1,..,ny (WxText enabled) -ilat inv X lat,lon and grid value at Xth grid point, X=1,..,npnts (WxText enabled) -JMA inv inventory for JMA locally defined PDT -lev inv level (code table 4.5) -ll2i inv X Y x=lon y=lat, converts to (i), 1..ndata -ll2ij inv X Y x=lon y=lat, converts lon-lat to (i,j) using gctpc -lon inv X Y value at grid point nearest lon=X lat=Y (WxText enabled) -match_inv inv inventory used by -match, -not, -if and -not_if -Match_inv inv same as -match_inv except d=YYYYMMDDHH <-> D=YYYYMMDDHHmmss -max inv print maximum value -min inv print minimum value -misc inv variable name qualifiers like chemical, ensemble, probability, etc -MM inv reference time MM -model_version_date inv prints model date code -n inv prints out inventory number -N_ens inv number of ensemble members -nl inv inserts new line into inventory -nlons inv number of longitudes for each latitude -npts inv number of grid points -nxny inv nx and ny of grid -packing inv shows the packing mode (use -v for more details) -pdt inv Product Definition Table (Code Table 4.0) -precision inv precision of packing -print inv X inserts string (X) into inventory -prob inv probability information -process inv Process (code table 4.3) -processid inv process id (locally defined) -proj4_ij2ll inv X Y X=x Y=y, converts to (i,j) to lon-lat using proj.4 (experimental) we:sn -proj4_ll2i inv X Y x=lon y=lat, converts to (i) using proj.4 (experimental) 1..ndata -proj4_ll2ij inv X Y x=lon y=lat, converts lon-lat (i,j) using proj.4 (experimental) -radius inv radius of Earth -range inv print out location of record in bytes, 0 = first byte -RT inv type of reference Time -s inv simple inventory -S inv simple inventory with minutes and seconds (subject to change) -s2 inv simple inventory .. for testing ftime2 -scale inv scale for packing -scaling inv scaling for packing (old format) -scan inv scan order of grid -Sec0 inv contents of section0 -Sec3 inv contents of section 3 (Grid Definition Section) -Sec4 inv Sec 4 values (Product definition section) -Sec5 inv Sec 5 values (Data representation section) -Sec6 inv show bit-map section -Sec_len inv length of various grib sections -spatial_proc inv show spacial processing, pdt=4.15 -spectral_bands inv spectral bands for satellite, pdt=4.31 or 4.32 -start_ft inv verf time = reference_time + forecast_time (YYYYMMDDHH) : no stat. proc time -start_FT inv verf time = reference_time + forecast_time (YYYYMMDDHHMMSS) - no stat. proc time -stats inv statistical summary of data values -subcenter inv subcenter -t inv reference time YYYYMMDDHH, -v2 for alt format -T inv reference time YYYYMMDDHHMMSS -table inv parameter table -unix_time inv print unix timestamp for rt & vt -V inv diagnostic output -var inv short variable name -varX inv raw variable name - discipline mastertab localtab center parmcat parmnum -vector_dir inv grid or earth relative winds -verf inv simple inventory using verification time -vt inv verf time = reference_time + forecast_time, -v2 for alt format -VT inv verf time = reference_time + forecast_time (YYYYMMDDHHMMSS) -wave_partition inv ocean surface wave partition (pdt=4.52) -YY inv reference time YYYY -inv_f77 inv> X Y Z match inventory written to Z with character*(Y) and X=(bin,ieee) -last inv> X write last inv item to file X -last0 inv> X write last inv item to beginning of file X -nl_out inv> X write new line in file X -print_out inv> X Y prints string (X) in file (Y) -s_out inv> X simple inventory written to X -big_endian misc sets ieee output to big endian (default is big endian) -colon misc X replace item deliminator (:) with X -config misc shows the configuration -count misc prints count, number times this -count was processed -end misc stop after first (sub)message (save time) -error_final misc X Y Z error if at end X=count Y=ne,eq,le,lt,gt,ge Z=integer -fix_CFSv2_fcst misc X Y Z fixes CFSv2 monthly fcst X=daily or 00/06/12/18 Y=pert no. Z=number ens fcsts v1.0 -fix_ncep misc fix ncep PDT=8 headers produced by cnvgrib -gctpc misc X X=0,1 use gctpc library (default=1) -grid_changes misc prints number of grid changes -grid_def misc read lon and lat data from grib file -- experimental -h misc help, shows common options -header misc f77 header or nx-ny header in text output (default) -help misc X help [search string|all], -help all, shows all options -if misc X if X (POSIX regular expression) matches, conditional execution up to next output/fi -if_fs misc X if X (fixed string) matches, conditional execution up to next output/fi -if_n misc X if (inv numbers in range), X=(start:end:step) -if_rec misc X if (record numbers in range), X=(start:end:step) -if_reg misc X if rpn registers defined, X = A, A:B, A:B:C, etc A = register number -ijundefine misc X Y Z sets grid point values to undefined X=(in-box|out-box) Y=ix0:ix1 Z=iy0:iy1 ix=(1..nx) iy=(1..ny) -import_bin misc X read binary file (X) for data -import_grib misc X read grib2 file (X) for data -import_ieee misc X read ieee file (X) for data -import_text misc X read text file (X) for data -limit misc X stops after X fields decoded -little_endian misc sets ieee output to little endian (default is big endian) -mem_del misc X delete mem file X -mem_final misc X Y write mem file X to file Y at cleanup step -mem_init misc X Y read mem file X from file Y (on initialization) -new_grid_interpolation misc X new_grid interpolation X=bilinear,bicubic,neighbor,budget -new_grid_ipopt misc X new_grid ipopt values X=i1:i2..:iN N <= 20 -new_grid_vectors misc X change fields to vector interpolate: X=none,default,UGRD:VGRD,(U:V list) -new_grid_winds misc X new_grid wind orientation: X = grid, earth (no default) -no_header misc no f77 header or nx-ny header in text output -not_if misc X if X (regular expression) does not match, conditional execution until next output/fi -not_if_fs misc X if X (fixed string) does not match, conditional execution up to next output/fi -proj4 misc X X=0,1 use proj4 library for geolocation (testing) -rewind_final misc X rewinds file X on cleanup step if already opened, CW2 -rewind_proc misc X rewinds file X on processing step if already opened, CW2 -rpn misc X reverse polish notation calculator -rpn_rcl misc X data = register X .. same as -rpn rcl_X .. no geolocation calc needed -rpn_sto misc X register X = data.. same as -rpn sto_X .. no geolocation calc needed -set misc X Y set X = Y, X=local_table,etc (help: -set help help) -set_ave misc X set ave/acc .. only on pdt=4.0 only anl/fcst -set_bin_prec misc X X use X bits and ECMWF-style grib encoding -set_bitmap misc X use bitmap when creating complex packed files X=1/0 -set_byte misc X Y Z set bytes in Section X, Octet Y, bytes Z (a|a:b:c) -set_date misc X changes date code, X=(+|-)N(hr|dy|mo|yr), YYYYMMDDHHmmSS -set_ensm_derived_fcst misc X Y convert PDT 0,1,2 -> 2, 8,11,12 -> 12, X=code table 4.7 Y=num ens members -set_ens_num misc X Y Z convert PDT 0,1 -> 1, 8,11 -> 11, X=code table 4.6 Y=pert num Z=num ens members -1=No Change -set_ftime misc X set ftime -set_ftime2 misc X set ftime2 .. will be replace -set_ftime/ave in the future -- TESTING --- -set_grib_max_bits misc X sets scaling so number of bits does not exceed N in (new) grib output -set_grib_type misc X set grib type = jpeg, simple, ieee, complex(1|2|3), aec, same -set_hex misc X Y Z set bytes in Section X, Octet Y, bytes Z (a|a:b:c) in hexadecimal -set_ieee misc X Y Z set ieee float in Section X, Octet Y, floats Z (a|a:b:c) -set_ijval misc X Y Z sets grid point value X=ix Y=iy Z=val -set_int misc X Y Z set 4-byte ints in Section X, Octet Y, signed integers Z (a|a:b:c) -set_int2 misc X Y Z set 2-byte ints in Section X, Octet Y, signed integers Z (a|a:b:c) -set_ival misc X Y sets grid point value X=i1:i2:.. Y=va1:val2:.. grid[i1] = val1,etc -set_lev misc X changes level code .. not complete -set_metadata misc X read meta-data for grib writing from file X -set_metadata_str misc X X = metadata string -set_pdt misc X makes new pdt, X=(+)PDT_number or X=(+)PDT_number:size of PDT in octets, +=copy metadata -set_percentile misc X convert PDT 0..6 -> 6, 8..15 -> 10, X=percentile (0..100) -set_prob misc 5 args X/Y forecasts Z=Code Table 4.9 A=lower limit B=upper limit -set_radius misc X set radius of Earth X= 0,2,4,5,6,8,9 (Code Table 3.2), 1:radius , 7:major:minor -set_scaling misc X Y set decimal scaling=X/same binary scaling=Y/same new grib messages -set_sec_size misc X Y resizes section , X=section number, Y=size in octets, DANGEROUS -set_ts_dates misc X Y Z changes date code for time series X=YYYYMMDDHH(mmss) Y=dtime Z=#msgs/date -set_var misc X changes variable name -status misc X X X=file -submsg misc X process submessage X (0=process all messages) -sys misc X run system/shell command, X=shell command -text_col misc X number of columns on text output -text_fmt misc X format for text output (C) -udf misc X Y run UDF, X=program+optional_args, Y=return file -udf_arg misc X Y add grib-data to UDF argument file, X=file Y=name -undefine misc X Y Z sets grid point values to undefined X=(in-box|out-box) Y=lon0:lon1 Z=lat0:lat1 -undefine_val misc X grid point set to undefined if X=val or X=low:high -v misc verbose (v=1) -v0 misc not verbose (v=0) -v2 misc really verbose (v=2) -version misc print version --version misc print version -AAIG out writes Ascii ArcInfo Grid file, lat-lon grid only (alpha) -AAIGlong out writes Ascii ArcInfo Grid file, lat-lon grid only long-name *.asc (alpha) -ave out X Y average X=time step, Y=output grib file needs file is special order -ave_var out X Y average/std dev/min/max X=time step, Y=output -bin out X write binary data to X -cress_lola out X..Z,A lon-lat grid values X=lon0:nlon:dlon Y=lat0:nlat:dlat Z=file A=radius1:radius2:..:radiusN -csv out X make comma separated file, X=file (WxText enabled) -csv_long out X make comma separated file, X=file (WxText enabled) -fcst_ave out X Y average X=time step, Y=output grib file needs file is special order -fi out null output operation -grib out X writes GRIB record (one submessage) to X -GRIB out X writes entire GRIB record (all submessages) -grib_ieee out X writes data[] to X.grb, X.head, X.tail, and X.h -grib_out out X writes decoded/modified data in grib-2 format to file X -grib_out_irr out X Y writes irregular grid grib X=(all|defined) Y=(output file) -gridout out X text file with grid: i j lat lon (1st record) -ieee out X write (default:big-endian) IEEE data to X -ijbox out X..Z,A grid values in bounding box X=i1:i2[:di] Y=j1:j2[:dj] Z=file A=[bin|text|spread] -ijsmall_grib out X Y Z make small domain grib file X=ix0:ix1 Y=iy0:iy1 Z=file -irr_grid out X Y Z make irregular grid, nearest neighbor, X=lon-lat list Y=radius (km) Z=output grib file -lola out X..Z,A lon-lat grid values X=lon0:nlon:dlon Y=lat0:nlat:dlat Z=file A=[bin|text|spread|grib] -merge_fcst out X Y merge forecast ave/acc/min/max X=number to intervals to merge (0=every) Y=output grib file -mysql out 5 args H=[host] U=[user] P=[password] D=[db] T=[table] -mysql_dump out 7 args H=[host] U=[user] P=[password] D=[db] T=[table] W=[western_lons:0|1] PV=[remove unlikely:0|1] -mysql_speed out 7 args H=[host] U=[user] P=[password] D=[db] T=[table] W=[western_lons:0|1] PV=[remove unlikely:0|1] -ncep_norm out X normalize NCEP-type ave/acc X=output grib file -ncep_uv out X combine U and V fields into one message like NCEP operations -netcdf out X write netcdf data to X -new_grid out X..Z,A bilinear interpolate: X=projection Y=x0:nx:dx Z=y0:ny:dy A=grib_file alpha -small_grib out X Y Z make small domain grib file X=lonW:lonE Y=latS:latN Z=file -spread out X write text - spread sheet format into X (WxText enabled) -submsg_uv out X combine vector fields into one message -text out X write text data into X -tosubmsg out X convert GRIB message to submessage and write to file X -wind_dir out X calculate wind direction, X = output gribfile (direction in degrees, 0=wind from north, 90=wind from east) -wind_speed out X calculate wind speed, X = output gribfile (U then V in datafile) -append init append mode, write to existing output files -crlf init make the end of the inventory a crlf (windows) instead of newline (unix) -d init X dump message X (n or n.m), only 1 -d allowed -egrep init X egrep X | wgrib2 (X is POSIX regular expression) -egrep_v init X egrep -v X | wgrib2 (X is POSIX regular expression) -eof_bin init X Y send (binary) integer to file upon EOF: X=file Y=integer -eof_string init X Y send string to file upon EOF: X=file Y=string -err_bin init X Y send (binary) integer to file upon err exit: X=file Y=integer -err_string init X Y send string to file upon err exit: X=file Y=string -fgrep init X fgrep X | wgrib2 -fgrep_v init X fgrep -v X | wgrib2 -fix_ncep_2 init ncep bug fix 2, probability observation < -ve number -fix_ncep_3 init sets flag to fix ncep bug 3 (constant fields) -fix_ncep_4 init fixes NCEP grib2 files where DX and DY are undefined -for init X process record numbers in range, X=(start:end:step), only one -for allowed -for_n init X process inv numbers in range, X=(start:end:step), only one -for allowed -g2clib init X X=0/1/2 0=WMO std 1=emulate g2clib 2=use g2clib -i init read Inventory from stdin -i_file init X read Inventory from file -inv init X write inventory to X -match init X process data that matches X (POSIX regular expression) -match_fs init X process data that matches X (fixed string) -nc3 init use netcdf3 (classic) -nc4 init use netcdf4 (compressed, controlled endianness etc) -nc_grads init require netcdf file to be grads v1.9b4 compatible (fixed time step only) -nc_nlev init X netcdf, X = max LEV dimension for {TIME,LEV,LAT,LON} data -nc_pack init X pack/check limits of all NEW input variables, X=min:max[:byte|short|float] -ncpu init X number of threads, default is environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS/number of cpus -nc_table init X X is conversion_to_netcdf_table file name -nc_time init X netcdf, [[-]yyyymmddhhnnss]:[dt{s[ec]|m[in]|h[our]|d[ay]}], [-] is for time alignment only -no_append init not append mode, write to new output files (default) -no_nc_grads init netcdf file may be not grads v1.9b4 compatible, variable time step -no_nc_pack init no packing in netcdf for NEW variables -no_nc_table init disable previously defined conversion_to_netcdf_table -no_nc_time init netcdf, disable previously defined initial or relative date and time step -not init X process data that does not match X (POSIX regular expression) -not_fs init X process data that does not match X (fixed string) -one_line init puts all on one line (makes into inventory format) -order init X decoded data in X (raw|we:sn|we:ns) order, we:sn is default -persistent init X makes file X persistent if already opened (default on open), CW2 -rewind_init init X rewinds file X on initialization if already opened, CW2 -set_ext_name init X X=0/1 extended name on/off -set_regex init X set regex mode X = 0:extended regex (default) 1:pattern 2:extended regex & quote metacharacters -tigge init use modified-TIGGE grib table -transient init X make file X transient, CW2
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