LeetCode_Medium_29. Divide Two Integers

2019.2.2

题目描述：

Given two integers dividend and divisor, divide two integers without using multiplication, division and mod operator.

Return the quotient after dividing dividend by divisor.

The integer division should truncate toward zero.

Example 1:

Input: dividend = 10, divisor = 3
Output: 3

Example 2:

Input: dividend = 7, divisor = -3
Output: -2

Note:

• Both dividend and divisor will be 32-bit signed integers.
• The divisor will never be 0.
• Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−2^31,  2^31 − 1]. For the purpose of this problem, assume that your function returns 2^31 − 1 when the division result overflows.

就是自己设计除法算法。。这题我感觉有点难，我想了半天没有思路，甚至想用汇编二进制移位相除法，但是这种还有有一大堆补码的问题，感觉特别麻烦，不像是Medium题，所以直接去参考了博客和讨论，然而看完发现，其实差不多就是这种做法-。。

参考博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4431949.html，以防有懒癌同学，所以下面我把思路贴出来。

解法一：

考虑用位操作Bit Operation，思路是，如果被除数大于或等于除数，则进行如下循环，定义变量t等于除数，定义计数p，当t的两倍小于等于被除数时，进行如下循环，t扩大一倍，p扩大一倍，然后更新res和m。因为输入的都是int型，比如被除数是-2147483648，在int范围内，当除数是-1时，结果就超出了int范围，需要返回INT_MAX，所以对于这种情况我们就在开始用if判定，将其和除数为0的情况放一起判定，返回INT_MAX。然后我们还要根据被除数和除数的正负来确定返回值的正负，这里我们采用长整型long来完成所有的计算，最后返回值乘以符号即可

C++代码：

class Solution {
public:
    int divide(int dividend, int divisor) {
        if (divisor == 0 || (dividend == INT_MIN && divisor == -1)) return INT_MAX;
        long long m = abs((long long)dividend), n = abs((long long)divisor), res = 0;
        int sign = ((dividend < 0) ^ (divisor < 0)) ? -1 : 1;
        if (n == 1) return sign == 1 ? m : -m;
        while (m >= n) {
            long long t = n, p = 1;
            while (m >= (t << 1)) {
                t <<= 1;
                p <<= 1;
            }
            res += p;
            m -= t;
        }
        return sign == 1 ? res : -res;
    }
};

C++简洁代码版：

class Solution {
public:
    int divide(int dividend, int divisor) {
        long long m = abs((long long)dividend), n = abs((long long)divisor), res = 0;
        if (m < n) return 0;    
        while (m >= n) {
            long long t = n, p = 1;
            while (m > (t << 1)) {
                t <<= 1;
                p <<= 1;
            }
            res += p;
            m -= t;
        }
        if ((dividend < 0) ^ (divisor < 0)) res = -res;
        return res > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : res;
    }
};

解法二：递归

思路一样

C++代码：

class Solution {
public:
    int divide(int dividend, int divisor) {
        long long res = 0;
        long long m = abs((long long)dividend), n = abs((long long)divisor);
        if (m < n) return 0;
        long long t = n, p = 1;
        while (m > (t << 1)) {
            t <<= 1;
            p <<= 1;
        }
        res += p + divide(m - t, n);
        if ((dividend < 0) ^ (divisor < 0)) res = -res;
        return res > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : res;
    }
};