[root@node001 ~]# whereis pip3
pip3: /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7
1. 安装python3解释器
步骤一:查看Centos版本号以及自带的python解释器版本
[bowen@node001 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[bowen@node001 ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.5
一:下载Python3.7(我下载的是python3.7.9)
地址:Python Source Releases | Python.org
三:安装python3.7
(1)创建目录,并把本地下载好的包上传到该目录
[root@node001 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/python3
[root@node001 ~]# cd /usr/local/python3
[root@node001 python3]# ll
总用量 0
[root@node001 python3]# ll
总用量 22736
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23277790 10月 27 15:48 Python-3.7.9.tgz
[root@node001 python3]#
(2)解压:
[root@node001 python3]# tar -zxvf Python-3.7.9.tgz
(3)进入解压后的目录,准备编译环境,执行如下命令:
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
安装成功后如下图
4)编译安装:执行cd Python-3.7.9进入解压后的Python-3.7.9目录下,依次执行如下三个命令:
1 2 3 |
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(5)创建python3的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
6)配置环境变量,将/usr/local/python3/bin加入PATH,修改好按ESC,输入:wq回车退出。
[root@node001 ~]# vim /etc/profile
[root@node001 ~]# . /etc/profile
检查:成功!
[root@node001 ~]# echo $PYTHON_HOME
/usr/local/python3
[root@node001 ~]# python3 -V
Python 3.7.9
[root@node001 ~]#
2. 安装虚拟环境
搭建python虚拟环境
1.我们先创建一个隐藏目录 .virtualenvs
,所有的虚拟环境都放在此目录下 :mkdir /root/.virtualenvs
[root@node001 ~]# mkdir /root/.virtualenvs
2.安装虚拟环境
确认pip:whereis pip3
[root@node001 ~]# whereis pip3
pip3: /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7
四:安装pip3
命令如下:
1 2 3 4 5 |
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五:进入python的bin目录查看pip3是否安装成功
pip3 install virtualenv
安装virtualenvwrapper,为避免超时错误,设置一个超时时间:
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper --default-timeout=1000
[root@node001 ~]# pip3 list
Package Version
--------------------------------- --------
backports.entry-points-selectable 1.1.0
distlib 0.3.3
filelock 3.3.1
importlib-metadata 4.8.1
pbr 5.6.0
pip 21.3.1
platformdirs 2.4.0
setuptools 47.1.0
six 1.16.0
stevedore 3.5.0
typing-extensions 3.10.0.2
virtualenv 20.9.0
virtualenv-clone 0.5.7
virtualenvwrapper 4.8.2
zipp 3.6.0
[root@node001 ~]#
3.配置环境变量,增加最后两行
查找virtualenvwrapper所在的路径(记得加.sh要不然查到出来的路径不正确)
[root@node001 ~]# whereis virtualenvwrapper.sh
virtualenvwrapper: /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
加到启动文件中:
export WORKON_HOME=/root/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
如果报错:
[root@node001 ~]# . /etc/profile
/usr/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper.sh: There was a problem running the initialization hooks.
If Python could not import the module virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader,
check that virtualenvwrapper has been installed for
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python and that PATH is
set properly.
[root@node001 ~]#
增加一行:
[root@node001 ~]# whereis virtualenvwrapper.sh
virtualenvwrapper: /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
[root@node001 ~]# vim /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
再次 启动一下配置文件
[root@node001 ~]# . /etc/profile
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/get_env_details
4.虚拟环境的操作
创建虚拟环境(需要等一会,且需要联网)
mkvirtualenv -p python3 虚拟环境名称
退出虚拟环境
切换到虚拟环境
删除虚拟环境
先退出:deactivate
再删除:rmvirtualenv testenv
查看虚拟环境目录
可以看到 我们的创建的虚拟环境已经存放到 /root/.virtualenvs 目录下了
3 安装需要的库
3.1 创建故障诊断的虚拟环境malfunction_diagnosis
[root@kcx-yk-k8s-slave02-32 ~]#mkvirtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 malfunction_diagnosis
3.2 上传制定模块需要的 版本文件 requirements.txt
matplotlib
numpy
pandas
tables
jupyter==1.0.0
flask==1.0.2
3.3 安装制定的模块
(malfunction_diagnosis) [root@kcx-yk-k8s-slave02-32 ~]#pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/