python3实现微信公众平台（公众号和企业微信）消息被动回复以及加解密

微信公众平台消息加密被动回复以及加解密，官方提供的是python2示例代码：

微信公众号：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1434696670

企业微信：https://github.com/sbzhu/weworkapi_python/tree/master/callback

现将上述代码修改成python3版本，且支持中文编码消息：

一、微信公众号：

WXBizMsgCrypt.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
 
""" 
    python3对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密代码.支持中文.
"""
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
import base64
import string
import random
import hashlib
import time
import struct
 
import binascii
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import socket
 
from wx_encry import ierror
 
""" AES加解密用 pycrypto """
 
 
class FormatException(Exception):
    pass
 
 
def throw_exception(message, exception_class=FormatException):
    """my define raise exception function"""
    raise exception_class(message)
 
 
class SHA1:
    """计算公众平台的消息签名接口"""
 
    def getSHA1(self, token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt):
        """用SHA1算法生成安全签名
        @param token:  票据
        @param timestamp: 时间戳
        @param encrypt: 密文
        @param nonce: 随机字符串
        @return: 安全签名
        """
        try:
            token = token.decode()
            sortlist = [token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt]
            sortlist.sort()
            sha = hashlib.sha1()
            sha.update("".join(sortlist).encode("utf8"))
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, sha.hexdigest()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error, None
 
 
class XMLParse(object):
    """提供提取消息格式中的密文及生成回复消息格式的接口"""
 
    # xml消息模板
    AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE = """<xml>
        <Encrypt><![CDATA[%(msg_encrypt)s]]></Encrypt>
        <MsgSignature><![CDATA[%(msg_signaturet)s]]></MsgSignature>
        <TimeStamp>%(timestamp)s</TimeStamp>
        <Nonce><![CDATA[%(nonce)s]]></Nonce>
        </xml>"""
 
    def extract(self, xmltext):
        """提取出xml数据包中的加密消息
        @param xmltext: 待提取的xml字符串
        @return: 提取出的加密消息字符串
        """
        try:
            xml_tree = ET.fromstring(xmltext)
            encrypt = xml_tree.find("Encrypt")
            touser_name = xml_tree.find("ToUserName")
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, encrypt.text, touser_name.text
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error, None, None
 
    def generate(self, encrypt, signature, timestamp, nonce):
        """生成xml消息
        @param encrypt: 加密后的消息密文
        @param signature: 安全签名
        @param timestamp: 时间戳
        @param nonce: 随机字符串
        @return: 生成的xml字符串
        """
        resp_dict = {
            'msg_encrypt': encrypt,
            'msg_signaturet': signature,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'nonce': nonce,
        }
        resp_xml = self.AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE % resp_dict
        return resp_xml
 
 
class PKCS7Encoder(object):
    """提供基于PKCS7算法的加解密接口"""
 
    block_size = 32
 
    def encode(self, text):
        """ 对需要加密的明文进行填充补位
        @param text: 需要进行填充补位操作的明文
        @return: 补齐明文字符串
        """
        text_length = len(text)
        # 计算需要填充的位数
        amount_to_pad = self.block_size - (text_length % self.block_size)
        if amount_to_pad == 0:
            amount_to_pad = self.block_size
        # 获得补位所用的字符
        pad = chr(amount_to_pad).encode()
        return text + pad * amount_to_pad
 
    def decode(self, decrypted):
        """删除解密后明文的补位字符
        @param decrypted: 解密后的明文
        @return: 删除补位字符后的明文
        """
        pad = ord(decrypted[-1])
        if pad < 1 or pad > 32:
            pad = 0
        return decrypted[:-pad]
 
 
class Prpcrypt(object):
    """提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口"""
 
    def __init__(self, key):
        # self.key = base64.b64decode(key+"=")
        self.key = key
        # 设置加解密模式为AES的CBC模式
        self.mode = AES.MODE_CBC
 
    def encrypt(self, text, appid):
        """对明文进行加密
        @param text: 需要加密的明文
        @return: 加密得到的字符串
        """
        # 16位随机字符串添加到明文开头
        len_str = struct.pack("I", socket.htonl(len(text.encode())))
        # text = self.get_random_str() + binascii.b2a_hex(len_str).decode() + text + appid
        text = self.get_random_str() + len_str + text.encode() + appid
        # 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
        pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
        text = pkcs7.encode(text)
        # 加密
        cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
        try:
            ciphertext = cryptor.encrypt(text)
            # 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, base64.b64encode(ciphertext).decode('utf8')
        except Exception as e:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error, None
 
    def decrypt(self, text, appid):
        """对解密后的明文进行补位删除
        @param text: 密文
        @return: 删除填充补位后的明文
        """
        try:
            cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
            # 使用BASE64对密文进行解码，然后AES-CBC解密
            plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(text))
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error, None
        try:
            # pad = ord(plain_text[-1])
            pad = plain_text[-1]
            # 去掉补位字符串
            # pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
            # plain_text = pkcs7.encode(plain_text)
            # 去除16位随机字符串
            content = plain_text[16:-pad]
            xml_len = socket.ntohl(struct.unpack("I", content[: 4])[0])
            xml_content = content[4: xml_len + 4]
            from_appid = content[xml_len + 4:]
        except Exception as e:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalBuffer, None
        if from_appid != appid:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateAppid_Error, None
        return 0, xml_content.decode()
 
    def get_random_str(self):
        """ 随机生成16位字符串
        @return: 16位字符串
        """
        rule = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
        str = random.sample(rule, 16)
        return "".join(str).encode()
 
 
class WXBizMsgCrypt(object):
    # 构造函数
    # @param sToken: 公众平台上，开发者设置的Token
    # @param sEncodingAESKey: 公众平台上，开发者设置的EncodingAESKey
    # @param sAppId: 企业号的AppId
    def __init__(self, sToken, sEncodingAESKey, sAppId):
        try:
            self.key = base64.b64decode(sEncodingAESKey + "=")
            assert len(self.key) == 32
        except Exception:
            throw_exception("[error]: EncodingAESKey unvalid !", FormatException)
            # return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey)
        self.token = sToken.encode()
        self.appid = sAppId.encode()
 
    def EncryptMsg(self, sReplyMsg, sNonce, timestamp=None):
        # 将公众号回复用户的消息加密打包
        # @param sReplyMsg: 企业号待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串
        # @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp,如为None则自动用当前时间
        # @param sNonce: 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce
        # sEncryptMsg: 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串,
        # return：成功0，sEncryptMsg,失败返回对应的错误码None
        pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
        ret, encrypt = pc.encrypt(sReplyMsg, self.appid)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        if timestamp is None:
            timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
        # 生成安全签名
        sha1 = SHA1()
        ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.token, timestamp, sNonce, encrypt)
 
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        xmlParse = XMLParse()
        return ret, xmlParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timestamp, sNonce)
 
    def DecryptMsg(self, sPostData, sMsgSignature, sTimeStamp, sNonce):
        # 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文
        # @param sMsgSignature: 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
        # @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
        # @param sNonce: 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
        # @param sPostData: 密文，对应POST请求的数据
        #  xml_content: 解密后的原文，当return返回0时有效
        # @return: 成功0，失败返回对应的错误码
        # 验证安全签名
        xmlParse = XMLParse()
        ret, encrypt, touser_name = xmlParse.extract(sPostData)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        sha1 = SHA1()
        ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.token, sTimeStamp, sNonce, encrypt)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        if not signature == sMsgSignature:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error, None
        pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
        ret, xml_content = pc.decrypt(encrypt, self.appid)
        return ret, xml_content

二、现主要针对企业微信的使用做说明：

WXBizMsgCrypt.py代码与上述公众号的大致相同，有些许基于企业微信的参数改动：

"""  python3对企业微信发送给企业后台的消息加解密,支持中文

"""
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

import base64
import string
import random
import hashlib
import time
import struct
import binascii

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import socket
from .ierror import ierror

"""
关于Crypto.Cipher模块，ImportError: No module named 'Crypto'解决方案
请到官方网站 https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/ 下载pycrypto。
下载后，按照README中的“Installation”小节的提示进行pycrypto安装。
"""


class FormatException(Exception):
    pass


def throw_exception(message, exception_class=FormatException):
    """my define raise exception function"""
    raise exception_class(message)


class SHA1:
    """计算企业微信的消息签名接口"""

    def getSHA1(self, token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt):
        """用SHA1算法生成安全签名
        @param token:  票据
        @param timestamp: 时间戳
        @param encrypt: 密文
        @param nonce: 随机字符串
        @return: 安全签名
        """
        try:
            sortlist = [token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt]
            sortlist.sort()
            sha = hashlib.sha1()
            sha.update(("".join(sortlist)).encode('utf8'))    # python3
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, sha.hexdigest()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error, None


class XMLParse:
    """提供提取消息格式中的密文及生成回复消息格式的接口"""

    # xml消息模板
    AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE = """<xml>
<Encrypt><![CDATA[%(msg_encrypt)s]]></Encrypt>
<MsgSignature><![CDATA[%(msg_signaturet)s]]></MsgSignature>
<TimeStamp>%(timestamp)s</TimeStamp>
<Nonce><![CDATA[%(nonce)s]]></Nonce>
</xml>"""

    def extract(self, xmltext):
        """提取出xml数据包中的加密消息
        @param xmltext: 待提取的xml字符串
        @return: 提取出的加密消息字符串
        """
        try:
            xml_tree = ET.fromstring(xmltext)
            encrypt = xml_tree.find("Encrypt")
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, encrypt.text
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error, None, None

    def generate(self, encrypt, signature, timestamp, nonce):
        """生成xml消息
        @param encrypt: 加密后的消息密文
        @param signature: 安全签名
        @param timestamp: 时间戳
        @param nonce: 随机字符串
        @return: 生成的xml字符串
        """
        resp_dict = {
            'msg_encrypt': encrypt,
            'msg_signaturet': signature,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'nonce': nonce,
        }
        resp_xml = self.AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE % resp_dict
        return resp_xml


class PKCS7Encoder():
    """提供基于PKCS7算法的加解密接口"""

    block_size = 32

    def encode(self, text):
        """ 对需要加密的明文进行填充补位
        @param text: 需要进行填充补位操作的明文
        @return: 补齐明文字符串
        """
        text_length = len(text)
        # 计算需要填充的位数
        amount_to_pad = self.block_size - (text_length % self.block_size)
        if amount_to_pad == 0:
            amount_to_pad = self.block_size
        # 获得补位所用的字符
        pad = chr(amount_to_pad).encode()
        return text + pad * amount_to_pad

    def decode(self, decrypted):
        """删除解密后明文的补位字符
        @param decrypted: 解密后的明文
        @return: 删除补位字符后的明文
        """
        pad = ord(decrypted[-1])
        if pad < 1 or pad > 32:
            pad = 0
        return decrypted[:-pad]


class Prpcrypt(object):
    """提供接收和推送给企业微信消息的加解密接口"""

    def __init__(self, key):

        # self.key = base64.b64decode(key+"=")
        self.key = key
        # 设置加解密模式为AES的CBC模式
        self.mode = AES.MODE_CBC

    def encrypt(self, text, receiveid):
        """对明文进行加密
        @param text: 需要加密的明文
        @return: 加密得到的字符串
        """
        # 16位随机字符串添加到明文开头
        len_str = struct.pack("I", socket.htonl(len(text.encode())))
        # text = self.get_random_str() + struct.pack("I", socket.htonl(len(text))) + text + receiveid
        text = self.get_random_str() + len_str + text.encode() + receiveid.encode()
        # 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
        pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
        text = pkcs7.encode(text)
        # 加密
        cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
        try:
            ciphertext = cryptor.encrypt(text)
            # 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, base64.b64encode(ciphertext).decode('utf8')
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error, None

    def decrypt(self, text, receiveid):
        """对解密后的明文进行补位删除
        @param text: 密文
        @return: 删除填充补位后的明文
        """
        try:
            cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
            # 使用BASE64对密文进行解码，然后AES-CBC解密
            # plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(text))                   # python2
            plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(text)).decode('utf-8')     # python3
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error, None
        try:
            pad = ord(plain_text[-1])
            # 去掉补位字符串
            # pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
            # plain_text = pkcs7.encode(plain_text)
            # 去除16位随机字符串
            content = plain_text[16:-pad].encode('utf-8')
            xml_len = socket.ntohl(struct.unpack("I", content[: 4])[0])
            xml_content = content[4: xml_len + 4]
            from_receiveid = content[xml_len + 4:].decode()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalBuffer, None
        if from_receiveid != receiveid:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateCorpid_Error, None
        return 0, xml_content.decode()

    def get_random_str(self):
        """ 随机生成16位字符串
        @return: 16位字符串
        """
        # rule = string.letters + string.digits           # python2
        rule = string.ascii_letters + string.digits       # python3
        str = random.sample(rule, 16)
        return "".join(str).encode()


class WXBizMsgCrypt(object):
    # 构造函数
    def __init__(self, sToken, sEncodingAESKey, sReceiveId):
        try:
            self.key = base64.b64decode(sEncodingAESKey + "=")
            assert len(self.key) == 32
        except:
            throw_exception("[error]: EncodingAESKey unvalid !", FormatException)
            # return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey,None
        self.m_sToken = sToken
        self.m_sReceiveId = sReceiveId

        # 验证URL
        # @param sMsgSignature: 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
        # @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
        # @param sNonce: 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
        # @param sEchoStr: 随机串，对应URL参数的echostr
        # @param sReplyEchoStr: 解密之后的echostr，当return返回0时有效
        # @return：成功0，失败返回对应的错误码

    def VerifyURL(self, sMsgSignature, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sEchoStr):
        sha1 = SHA1()
        ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sEchoStr)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        if not signature == sMsgSignature:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error, None
        pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
        ret, sReplyEchoStr = pc.decrypt(sEchoStr, self.m_sReceiveId)
        return ret, sReplyEchoStr

    def EncryptMsg(self, sReplyMsg, sNonce, timestamp=None):
        # 将企业回复用户的消息加密打包
        # @param sReplyMsg: 企业号待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串
        # @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp,如为None则自动用当前时间
        # @param sNonce: 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce
        # sEncryptMsg: 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串,
        # return：成功0，sEncryptMsg,失败返回对应的错误码None
        pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
        ret, encrypt = pc.encrypt(sReplyMsg, self.m_sReceiveId)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        if timestamp is None:
            timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
        # 生成安全签名
        sha1 = SHA1()
        ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.m_sToken, timestamp, sNonce, encrypt)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        xmlParse = XMLParse()
        return ret, xmlParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timestamp, sNonce)

    def DecryptMsg(self, sPostData, sMsgSignature, sTimeStamp, sNonce):
        # 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文
        # @param sMsgSignature: 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
        # @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
        # @param sNonce: 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
        # @param sPostData: 密文，对应POST请求的数据
        #  xml_content: 解密后的原文，当return返回0时有效
        # @return: 成功0，失败返回对应的错误码
        # 验证安全签名
        xmlParse = XMLParse()
        ret, encrypt = xmlParse.extract(sPostData)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        sha1 = SHA1()
        ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, encrypt)
        if ret != 0:
            return ret, None
        if not signature == sMsgSignature:
            return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error, None
        pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
        ret, xml_content = pc.decrypt(encrypt, self.m_sReceiveId)
        return ret, xml_content

完整的消息被动回复以及加解密项目包下载：

https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_41762173/11107750