all() 结果为queryset类型
models.Book.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Book: Book object>, <Book: Book object>, <Book: Book object>]>
filter() 条件查询(它下面也有很多种方法,见最下面)
ret = models.Book.objects.filter(id=5)
ret
<QuerySet [<Book: Book object>]>
get() 得到的是一个model对象,有且只能有一个
会出现两种报错
1 查不到数据会报错 :Book matching query does not exist.
2 返回值超过一个就报错 :returned more than one Book – it returned 13!
ret = models.Book.objects.get(id=5)
ret
<Book: Book object>
exclude() 排除
object能够调用,models.Book.objects.exclude(book_name__startswith=‘活’)
queryset类型数据能够调用。
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
ret.exclude(id=5)
<QuerySet [<Book: Book object>, <Book: Book object>]>