Nullable Types (?) (C#)

• Nullable Value Type

The ? suffix is a shorthand for creating an instance of the generic System.Nullable<T> structure.

static void NullableItems()
{
    int? item1 = 0;
    // Nullable<int> item1 = 0;
    bool? item2 = null;
    // Nullable<bool> item2 = null;
    char?[] arrChar=new char?[5];
    // Nullable<int>[] arrChar = new Nullable<char> [5]
}

nullableVariable.HasValue

NullableItems();

static void NullableItems()
{
    int? item1 = 0;
    // Nullable<int> item1 = 0;
    bool? item2 = null;
    // Nullable<bool> item2 = null;
    char?[] arrChar=new char?[5];
    // Nullable<int>[] arrChar = new Nullable<char> [5]

    string result1 = (item1 != null) ? ($"The value of item1 is {item1}") :
        ("The value of item1 has not been defined.");
    Console.WriteLine(result1);

    string result2 = (item2.HasValue) ? ($"The value of item2 is {item2}") :
    ("The value of item2 has not been defined.");
    Console.WriteLine(result2);

    Console.ReadLine();
}

• Nullable Reference Type (C# 8.0)

 To enable nullable reference type, modify the value in project file as follows:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>

</Project>

Value	Remarks
enable	Nullable annotations enabled, nullable warnings enabled.
warnings	Nullable annotations disabled, nullable warnings enabled.
annotations	Nullable annotations enabled, nullable warnings disabled.
disable	Nullable annotations disabled, nullable warnings disabled.

Use compiler directives to enable or disable nullable contexts

using ConsoleApp11;

Person? p = null;
string? nullString = null;

#nullable disable
// Warning: The annotation for nullable reference types
// should only be used in code within a '#nullable' annotations
Person? person1 = null;
#nullable restore

Value of nullable compiler directive	Remarks
enable	Annotations enabled, warnings enabled
disable	Annotations disabled, warnings enabled
restore	Restore all settings to project settings
disable warnings	only disable warnings
enable warnings	only enable warnings
restore warnings	only restore warnings
disable annotations	only disable annotations
enable annotations	only enable annotations
restroe annotations	only restore annotations