CS5303-Computer Science I (Java II)

Java Classes:

• Use a qualifier, a class keywords, an identifier, and a pair of {}

public class Hello{
   public Hello(){
   public int myInt;
   private float myFloat;
   //This is a constructor
   }
}

• Whenever a class is instantiated, meaning memory is allocated, the constructor is called.
• The constructor in Java has the same name as the class, and no return type.
• One of the primary uses of a constructor is the initialization of member variables.
• Like a C structure, a Class can contain different fields of data.
• These fields can be made “public” or “private”
• The same as C++, private data members cannot be accessed without using a function.
• Typically, the private data members have a “get” function to get the data.

    int getData()

• And a set function in order to assign the data.

void setData(int  myParameter)

Collection Data Types

• Vector-A self-expanding linked list.
Deprecated and obsolete.
• HashTable-know this one for the future!
Deprecated and obsolete. (in Java)
• Enumeration-Vectors and other types turn into an enumerated series.
Not used so much anymore
• ArrayList-acts like an array, with a get function

Inheritance:

• An inheritance means the new class contains all the accessible abilities and traits of its parent class
• The parent class is the superclass
• The child class is the subclass
  protected Data Members:

Protected Data Members:

*Not public, not private, but protected

• Protected data members
• Private data members are not shared between superclass and subclass
• Public data members are shared between superclass and subclass
• Protected data members are shared between subclass, superclass, and classes of the same package.

Sample code:(keyword: Extend)

package Simple;

public class SuperClass{
	private int privateX;
	protected int protectedY;
	public int publicZ;
}

package Simple;
public class Subclass extends SuperClass{
	public void go(){
	//privateX = 5;//Will not work.
	protectedY = 5;
	publicZ = 5;
	}
}

JAVA(tips)：

• Every scalar/atomic/basic value in Java is a basic value
• 5, 3.14159, are numbers/literals/values
• Every class in Java is “instantiated” into an object
• Every object is also a memory area
• Every object variable in Java behaves a pointer reference.
• This has complications:
• A basic assignment between objects “=“, only copies the address
• This is a Shallow Copy, only the address is copies
• A more complex assignment uses a “copy constructor”
• This is a Deep Copy, every field must be assigned appropriately

C++ VS Java：

speed of C++ & Java

• C, C++ create code for an architecture
• Java creates code for a Virtual machine.
• Since the Java runs on the virtual machine, by its nature, it will always be slower than C++.
• Optimization makes this go faster and faster, but always just a little lag.
• C++ is faster than Java