编程中遇到的一些奇奇怪怪的问题

（1）python查字典快还是列表快？

答：在Python中，字典是通过哈希表实现的。也就是说，字典是一个数组，而数组的索引是键经过哈希函数处理后得到的。哈希函数的目的是使键均匀地分布在数组中。列表是通过偏移读取，字典是通过键，因此字典块。（前提是针对同一问题）

（2）pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError: E11000 duplicate key error collection的原因和解决方案

import sys
import re


print(sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(__file__).rsplit('/', 2)[0]))
from utils.dbutils import DBconnection


db_keggdrug = DBconnection("keggdrug")   # connect db:keggdrug
db_DrugKB = DBconnection("DrugKB")       # connect db:DrugKB
print("MongoDB connected successfully!")

##########################################################################################
def insert_kegg_ddi():
    """将keggdrug.interaction重新插入keggdrug.ddi表里"""

    ddi_dict = {}
    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-url': ddi_item['kegg_url'],
                     'keggdrug-ddi-url': ddi_item['interaction']['ddi_url']})

    for ddi_item in db_keggdrug.mdbi['interactions'].find().batch_size(5):
        if 'interaction' in ddi_item.keys():
            for item in ddi_item['interaction']['partner']:
                if 'dr_id' in item.keys():
                    ddi_dict = {}
                    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-url': ddi_item['kegg_url'],
                                     'keggdrug-ddi-url': ddi_item['interaction']['ddi_url']})
                    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-ddi-id': [ddi_item['drug_id'], item['dr_id']]})
                    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-ddi-name': [ddi_item['drug_name'], item['drug_name']]})
                    ddi_dict.update({'metabolism': item['medic_enzyme']})
                    ddi_dict.update({'statistical-parameter': item['statis_para']})

                    print(ddi_dict)
                    db_keggdrug.mdbi['ddi'].insert_one(ddi_dict)

    print('Done!')

# ==================================================================================
if __name__ == '__main__':
    insert_kegg_ddi()

报错如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/cqfnenu/PsyDrugKB/keggdrugs/test.py", line 49, in <module>
    insert_kegg_ddi()
  File "/home/cqfnenu/PsyDrugKB/keggdrugs/test.py", line 43, in insert_kegg_ddi
    db_keggdrug.mdbi['dddi'].insert_one(ddi_dict)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/collection.py", line 698, in insert_one
    session=session),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/collection.py", line 612, in _insert
    bypass_doc_val, session)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/collection.py", line 600, in _insert_one
    acknowledged, _insert_command, session)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/mongo_client.py", line 1492, in _retryable_write
    return self._retry_with_session(retryable, func, s, None)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/mongo_client.py", line 1385, in _retry_with_session
    return func(session, sock_info, retryable)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/collection.py", line 597, in _insert_command
    _check_write_command_response(result)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/helpers.py", line 221, in _check_write_command_response
    _raise_last_write_error(write_errors)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pymongo/helpers.py", line 202, in _raise_last_write_error
    raise DuplicateKeyError(error.get("errmsg"), 11000, error)
pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError: E11000 duplicate key error collection: keggdrug.dddi index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('5fe15f835e9129725cac95d9') }

问题分析：

创建字典时，放在了for循环外。

传递给mongodb的一直是都是同一个dict对象，所以mongo保存时会出现 "_id" 重复的问题。

所以，只需要把创建的字典放到循环里面，即可解决。

import os
import sys


print(sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(__file__).rsplit('/', 2)[0]))
from utils.dbutils import DBconnection


db_keggdrug = DBconnection("keggdrug")   # connect db:keggdrug
db_DrugKB = DBconnection("DrugKB")       # connect db:DrugKB
print("MongoDB connected successfully!")

##########################################################################################
def insert_kegg_ddi():
    """将keggdrug.interaction重新插入keggdrug.ddi表里"""


    for ddi_item in db_keggdrug.mdbi['interactions'].find().batch_size(5):
        if 'interaction' in ddi_item.keys():

            for item in ddi_item['interaction']['partner']:
                if 'dr_id' in item.keys():
                    ddi_dict = {}
                    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-url': ddi_item['kegg_url'],
                                     'keggdrug-ddi-url': ddi_item['interaction']['ddi_url']})

                    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-ddi-id': [ddi_item['drug_id'], item['dr_id']]})
                    ddi_dict.update({'keggdrug-ddi-name': [ddi_item['drug_name'], item['drug_name']]})
                    ddi_dict.update({'metabolism': item['medic_enzyme']})
                    ddi_dict.update({'statistical-parameter': item['statis_para']})

                    print(ddi_dict)
                    db_keggdrug.mdbi['dddi'].insert_one(ddi_dict)

    print('Done!')

# ==================================================================================
if __name__ == '__main__':
    insert_kegg_ddi()

注：这个会不定时更新！

（3）AttributeError：module tensorflow no attribute app解决办法

这是因为tensorflow版本问题，服务器端是tensorflow2.0，而源代码是tensorflow1.几写的，所以有错误。

解决办法：法（1）将import tensorflow as tf 改为 import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf

       法（2）用tf.compat.v1.flags 替换 tf.app.flags

（4）tf.placeholder() is not compatible with eager execution的解决方法

解决方法：在代码头部添加

tf.compat.v1.disable_eager_execution()