usb请求块以及提交方式

urb是usb数据传输机制使用的核心数据结构，urb供usb协议栈使用。
URB结构体

struct urb {
	/* private: usb core and host controller only fields in the urb */
	struct kref kref;		/* reference count of the URB */
	void *hcpriv;			/* private data for host controller */
	atomic_t use_count;		/* concurrent submissions counter */
	atomic_t reject;		/* submissions will fail */
	int unlinked;			/* unlink error code */

	/* public: documented fields in the urb that can be used by drivers */
	struct list_head urb_list;	/* list head for use by the urb's
					 * current owner */
	struct list_head anchor_list;	/* the URB may be anchored */
	struct usb_anchor *anchor;
	struct usb_device *dev;		/* (in) pointer to associated device */
	struct usb_host_endpoint *ep;	/* (internal) pointer to endpoint */
	unsigned int pipe;		/* (in) pipe information */
	unsigned int stream_id;		/* (in) stream ID */
	int status;			/* (return) non-ISO status */
	unsigned int transfer_flags;	/* (in) URB_SHORT_NOT_OK | ...*/
	void *transfer_buffer;		/* (in) associated data buffer */
	dma_addr_t transfer_dma;	/* (in) dma addr for transfer_buffer */
	struct scatterlist *sg;		/* (in) scatter gather buffer list */
	int num_mapped_sgs;		/* (internal) mapped sg entries */
	int num_sgs;			/* (in) number of entries in the sg list */
	u32 transfer_buffer_length;	/* (in) data buffer length */
	u32 actual_length;		/* (return) actual transfer length */
	unsigned char *setup_packet;	/* (in) setup packet (control only) */
	dma_addr_t setup_dma;		/* (in) dma addr for setup_packet */
	int start_frame;		/* (modify) start frame (ISO) */
	int number_of_packets;		/* (in) number of ISO packets */
	int interval;			/* (modify) transfer interval
					 * (INT/ISO) */
	int error_count;		/* (return) number of ISO errors */
	void *context;			/* (in) context for completion */
	usb_complete_t complete;	/* (in) completion routine */
	struct usb_iso_packet_descriptor iso_frame_desc[0];
					/* (in) ISO ONLY */
};

pipe:端点需要和主机控制器需要通过pipe进行通信；urb是主机控制器发给设备的，因此需要将设备的pipe告诉主机控制器。

transfer_buffer：in端点时，存放设备发给主机控制器的数据；out端点时，存放主机控制器发给设备的数据。

buffder长度；

usb设备希望主机控制器轮询自己的时间间隔。

complete:complete是一个回调函数，当通讯接收后，会调用。

每一个urb都是由usb主机控制器发送给usb设备的。

urb使用方式
1.分配urb
struct urb *usb_alloc_urb(int iso_packets,gfp_t mem_flags);
2.初始化urb
usb控制传输：void usb_fill_control_urb();
usb中断传输：void usb_fill_int_urb();
usb批量传输：void usb_fill_bulk();

以上函数不适用于等时传输：

3.提交urb（提交给主控制器，由主控制器发送给usb设备）
（1）异步提交urb，提交完成后通过usb_fill[control] [int] [bulk]_urb传入的回调函数
int usb_submit_urb(struct urb *urb,gfp_t mem_flags);
该函数只管发出去，不管是否发送成功。
(2)同步提交urb
int usb_fill[control] [int] [bulk]_msg（
struct usb_device *usb_dev,
unsigned int pipe,
void *data,
int len,
int *actual_length,
int timeout）;
同步提交会一直等待urb提交成功；

usb 驱动数据结构

struct usb_device {
	int		devnum;
	char		devpath[16];
	u32		route;
	enum usb_device_state	state;
	enum usb_device_speed	speed;
	unsigned int		rx_lanes;
	unsigned int		tx_lanes;

	struct usb_tt	*tt;
	int		ttport;

	unsigned int toggle[2];

	struct usb_device *parent;
	struct usb_bus *bus;
	struct usb_host_endpoint ep0;

	struct device dev;

	struct usb_device_descriptor descriptor;
	struct usb_host_bos *bos;
	struct usb_host_config *config;

	struct usb_host_config *actconfig;
	struct usb_host_endpoint *ep_in[16];
	struct usb_host_endpoint *ep_out[16];

	char **rawdescriptors;

	unsigned short bus_mA;
	u8 portnum;
	u8 level;

	unsigned can_submit:1;
	unsigned persist_enabled:1;
	unsigned have_langid:1;
	unsigned authorized:1;
	unsigned authenticated:1;
	unsigned wusb:1;
	unsigned lpm_capable:1;
	unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_capable:1;
	unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_besl_capable:1;
	unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_enabled:1;
	unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_allowed:1;
	unsigned usb3_lpm_u1_enabled:1;
	unsigned usb3_lpm_u2_enabled:1;
	int string_langid;

	/* static strings from the device */
	char *product;
	char *manufacturer;
	char *serial;

	struct list_head filelist;

	int maxchild;

	u32 quirks;
	atomic_t urbnum;

	unsigned long active_duration;

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
	unsigned long connect_time;

	unsigned do_remote_wakeup:1;
	unsigned reset_resume:1;
	unsigned port_is_suspended:1;
#endif
	struct wusb_dev *wusb_dev;
	int slot_id;
	enum usb_device_removable removable;
	struct usb2_lpm_parameters l1_params;
	struct usb3_lpm_parameters u1_params;
	struct usb3_lpm_parameters u2_params;
	unsigned lpm_disable_count;

	u16 hub_delay;
};

struct usb_device描述一个usb设备
管道
每个断点通过管道和usb主控制器连接，管道包括以下几个部分：
1.端点地址
2.数据传输方向（IN或OUT）
3.数据传输模式
usb_[rcv][snd][ctrl][int][bulk][isoc]pipe(
struct usb_device *usb_dev,
_u8 endpointAddress);
分别表示接收，发送，控制，中断，批量，等时管道；
得到一个pipe，主机得到这个pipe，就知道跟谁去通讯了；