Linux 文件系统层级

Linux File System Hierarchy

/bin - Common binaries

/sbin - Binaries used for system administration are placed here.

/boot - Static files of the boot loader.
Usually it contain the Linux kernel, Grub boot loader files and so on.

/dev - Device files such as your CD drive, hard disk, and any other physical device.

/home - User HOME directories are found here.

/lib - Essential shared libraries and kernel modules.

/mnt - Temporary mount point useful for when you insert your USB stick and it gets mounted under /mnt. Though in Ubuntu and the likes, it is usually mounted under /media.

/var - Variable data, such as logs, news, mail spool files and so on which is constantly being modified by various programs running on your system.

/tmp - Temporary files are placed here by default.

/usr - The secondary hierarchy which contain its own bin and sbin sub-directories.

/etc - Usually contain the configuration files for all the programs that run on your Linux/Unix system.

/opt - Third party application packages which does not conform to the standard Linux file hierarchy can be installed here.

/srv - Contains data for services provided by the system.

And of course there is the /proc directory which does not actually reside on the disk.