android view.java,Android自定义View

前言

Android自定义View的详细步骤是我们每一个Android开发人员都必须掌握的技能，因为在开发中总会遇到自定义View的需求。为了提高自己的技术水平，自己就系统的去研究了一下，在这里写下一点心得，有不足之处希望大家及时指出。

流程

在Android中对于布局的请求绘制是在Android framework层开始处理的。绘制是从根节点开始，对布局树进行measure与draw。在RootViewImpl中的performTraversals展开。它所做的就是对需要的视图进行measure(测量视图大小)、layout(确定视图的位置)与draw(绘制视图)。下面的图能很好的展现视图的绘制流程：

当用户调用requestLayout时，只会触发measure与layout，但系统开始调用时还会触发draw

下面来详细介绍这几个流程。

measure

measure是View中的final型方法不可以进行重写。它是对视图的大小进行测量计算，但它会回调onMeasure方法，所以我们在自定义View的时候可以重写onMeasure方法来对View进行我们所需要的测量。它有两个参数widthMeasureSpec与heightMeasureSpec。其实这两个参数都包含两部分，分别为size与mode。size为测量的大小而mode为视图布局的模式

我们可以通过以下代码分别获取：int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);

int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);

int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);

获取到的mode种类分为以下三种：

setMeasuredDimension

通过以上逻辑获取视图的宽高，最后要调用setMeasuredDimension方法将测量好的宽高进行传递出去。其实最终是调用setMeasuredDimensionRaw方法对传过来的值进行属性赋值。调用super.onMeasure()的调用逻辑也是一样的。

下面以自定义一个验证码的View为例，它的onMeasure方法如下：@Override

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);

int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);

int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);

if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {

//直接获取精确的宽度

width = widthSize;

} else if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {

//计算出宽度(文本的宽度+padding的大小)

width = bounds.width() + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();

}

if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {

//直接获取精确的高度

height = heightSize;

} else if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {

//计算出高度(文本的高度+padding的大小)

height = bounds.height() + getPaddingBottom() + getPaddingTop();

}

//设置获取的宽高

setMeasuredDimension(width, height);

}

可以对自定义View的layout_width与layout_height进行设置不同的属性，达到不同的mode类型，就可以看到不同的效果

measureChildren

如果你是对继承ViewGroup的自定义View那么在进行测量自身的大小时还要测量子视图的大小。一般通过measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)方法来测量子视图的大小。protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

final int size = mChildrenCount;

final View[] children = mChildren;

for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {

final View child = children[i];

if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {

measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

}

}

}

通过上面的源码会发现，它其实是遍历每一个子视图，如果该子视图不是隐藏的就调用measureChild方法，那么来看下measureChild源码：protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,

int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {

final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,

mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);

final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,

mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

}

会发现它首先调用了getChildMeasureSpec方法来分别获取宽高，最后再调用的就是View的measure方法，而通过前面的分析我们已经知道它做的就是对视图大小的计算。而对于measure中的参数是通过getChildMeasureSpec获取，再来看下其源码：public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {

int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);

int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

int resultSize = 0;

int resultMode = 0;

switch (specMode) {

// Parent has imposed an exact size on us

case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:

if (childDimension >= 0) {

resultSize = childDimension;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {

// Child wants to be our size. So be it.

resultSize = size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {

// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be

// bigger than us.

resultSize = size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;

}

break;

// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us

case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:

if (childDimension >= 0) {

// Child wants a specific size... so be it

resultSize = childDimension;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {

// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.

// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.

resultSize = size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;

} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {

// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be

// bigger than us.

resultSize = size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;

}

break;

// Parent asked to see how big we want to be

case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:

if (childDimension >= 0) {

// Child wants a specific size... let him have it

resultSize = childDimension;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {

// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should

// be

resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;

} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {

// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how

// big it should be

resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;

}

break;

}

//noinspection ResourceType

return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);

}

是不是容易理解了点呢。它做的就是前面所说的根据mode的类型，获取相应的size。根据父视图的mode类型与子视图的LayoutParams类型来决定子视图所属的mode,最后再将获取的size与mode通过MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec方法整合返回。最后传递到measure中，这就是前面所说的widthMeasureSpec与heightMeasureSpec中包含的两部分的值。整个过程为measureChildren->measureChild->getChildMeasureSpec->measure->onMeasure->setMeasuredDimension,所以通过measureChildren就可以对子视图进行测量计算。

layout

layout也是一样的内部会回调onLayout方法，该方法是用来确定子视图的绘制位置，但这个方法在ViewGroup中是个抽象方法，所以如果要自定义的View是继承ViewGroup的话就必须实现该方法。但如果是继承View的话就不需要了，View中有一个空实现。而对子视图位置的设置是通过View的layout方法通过传递计算出来的left、top、right与bottom值，而这些值一般都要借助View的宽高来计算,视图的宽高则可以通过getMeasureWidth与getMeasureHeight方法获取，这两个方法获取的值就是上面onMeasure中setMeasuredDimension传递的值，即子视图测量的宽高。

getWidth、getHeight与getMeasureWidth、getMeasureHeight是不同的，前者是在onLayout之后才能获取到的值，分别为left-right与top-bottom;而后者是在onMeasure之后才能获取到的值。只不过这两种获取的值一般都是相同的，所以要注意调用的时机。

下面以定义一个把子视图放置于父视图的四个角的View为例：@Override

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {

int count = getChildCount();

MarginLayoutParams params;

int cl;

int ct;

int cr;

int cb;

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

View child = getChildAt(i);

params = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

if (i == 0) {

//左上角

cl = params.leftMargin;

ct = params.topMargin;

} else if (i == 1) {

//右上角

cl = getMeasuredWidth() - params.rightMargin - child.getMeasuredWidth();

ct = params.topMargin;

} else if (i == 2) {

//左下角

cl = params.leftMargin;

ct = getMeasuredHeight() - params.bottomMargin - child.getMeasuredHeight()

- params.topMargin;

} else {

//右下角

cl = getMeasuredWidth() - params.rightMargin - child.getMeasuredWidth();

ct = getMeasuredHeight() - params.bottomMargin - child.getMeasuredHeight()

- params.topMargin;

}

cr = cl + child.getMeasuredWidth();

cb = ct + child.getMeasuredHeight();

//确定子视图在父视图中放置的位置

child.layout(cl, ct, cr, cb);

}

}

至于onMeasure的实现源码我后面会给链接，如果要看效果图的话，我后面也会贴出来，前面的那个验证码的也是一样

draw

draw是由dispatchDraw发动的，dispatchDraw是ViewGroup中的方法，在View是空实现。自定义View时不需要去管理该方法。而draw方法只在View中存在，ViewGoup做的只是在dispatchDraw中调用drawChild方法，而drawChild中调用的就是View的draw方法。那么我们来看下draw的源码：public void draw(Canvas canvas) {

final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;

final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&

(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);

mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

/*

* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed

* in the appropriate order:

*

* 1. Draw the background

* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading

* 3. Draw view's content

* 4. Draw children

* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers

* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)

*/

// Step 1, draw the background, if needed

int saveCount;

if (!dirtyOpaque) {

drawBackground(canvas);

}

// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)

final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;

boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;

boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;

if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {

// Step 3, draw the content

if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

// Step 4, draw the children

dispatchDraw(canvas);

// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground

if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {

mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);

}

// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)

onDrawForeground(canvas);

// we're done...

return;

}

//省略2&5的情况

....

}

源码已经非常清晰了draw总共分为6步;

绘制背景

如果需要的话，保存layers

绘制自身文本

绘制子视图

如果需要的话，绘制fading edges

绘制scrollbars

其中 第2步与第5步不是必须的。在第3步调用了onDraw方法来绘制自身的内容，在View中是空实现，这就是我们为什么在自定义View时必须要重写该方法。而第4步调用了dispatchDraw对子视图进行绘制。还是以验证码为例：@Override

protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

//绘制背景

mPaint.setColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.autoCodeBg));

canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);

mPaint.getTextBounds(autoText, 0, autoText.length(), bounds);

//绘制文本

for (int i = 0; i < autoText.length(); i++) {

mPaint.setColor(getResources().getColor(colorRes[random.nextInt(6)]));

canvas.drawText(autoText, i, i + 1, getWidth() / 2 - bounds.width() / 2 + i * bounds.width() / autoNum

, bounds.height() + random.nextInt(getHeight() - bounds.height())

, mPaint);

}

//绘制干扰点

for (int j = 0; j < 250; j++) {

canvas.drawPoint(random.nextInt(getWidth()), random.nextInt(getHeight()), pointPaint);

}

//绘制干扰线

for (int k = 0; k < 20; k++) {

int startX = random.nextInt(getWidth());

int startY = random.nextInt(getHeight());

int stopX = startX + random.nextInt(getWidth() - startX);

int stopY = startY + random.nextInt(getHeight() - startY);

linePaint.setColor(getResources().getColor(colorRes[random.nextInt(6)]));

canvas.drawLine(startX, startY, stopX, stopY, linePaint);

}

}

图，与源码链接

示例图

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