命令模式

定义

将一个请求封闭成一个对象 ,从而让你使用不同的请求把客户端参数化,对请求排队或者记录请求日志,可以提供命令的撤销和恢复功能.

角色

1. 接收者角色:
   干活的角色,命令传递到这里是应该被执行的.

2. 命令角色:
   执行的所有命令才在这里声明

3. 调用者角色:
   接收到命令,并执行命令

优点

1. 类间解耦,调用者与接收者间没有任何的依赖关系.
2. 可扩展性,命令角色的子类非常好扩展.
3. 结合其他模式更优秀(责任链模式,模板方法模式等)

缺点

命令越多,其子类就越多.

通用代码

抽象接收者

public abstract class Receiver {
    public abstract void doSomething();
}

具体接收者

public class ConcreteReceiver1 extends Receiver {
    @Override
    public void doSomething() {

    }
}

public class ConcreteReceiver2 extends Receiver {
    @Override
    public void doSomething() {

    }
}

抽象命令类

public abstract class Command {
    public abstract void execute();
}

具体命令类

public class ConcreteCommand1 extends Command {

    private  Receiver receiver;

    public ConcreteCommand1(Receiver receiver) {
        this.receiver = receiver;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        this.receiver.doSomething();
    }
}

public class ConcreteCommand2 extends Command {

    private  Receiver receiver;

    public ConcreteCommand2(Receiver receiver) {
        this.receiver = receiver;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        this.receiver.doSomething();
    }
}

调用者类

public class Invoker {

    private Command command;

    public void setCommand(Command command) {
        this.command = command;
    }

    public void action(){
        command.execute();
    }
}

场景类

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Invoker invoker = new Invoker();

        Receiver receiver = new ConcreteReceiver1();

        Command command = new ConcreteCommand1(receiver);

        invoker.setCommand(command);

        invoker.action();
    }
}