Mac Python 如何配置虚拟环境和在虚拟环境中安装 PyQt5 工具包

配置虚拟环境

第一步：

检查是否安装了 pipenv 工具

qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro ~ % pip list # 查看是否有pipenv工具
Package          Version
---------------- ---------
altgraph         0.17
appdirs          1.4.4
certifi          2020.6.20
distlib          0.3.1
filelock         3.0.12
macholib         1.14
modulegraph      0.18
pip              20.2.4

没有pipenv工具需要自己安装，方法如下：

qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro ~ % pip install pipenv # 安装pip工具

第二步：

切换到创建虚拟环境目录并且使用pipenv创建虚拟环境，方法如下：

qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro Python % cd /Users/qianshaoqing/Documents/Python/Qt5 # 切换到Qt5文件夹（自己随便创建的）
qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro Qt5 % pipevn --three # 创建虚拟环境命令
Creating a virtualenv for this project…
Pipfile: /Users/qianshaoqing/Documents/Python/Qt5/Pipfile
Using /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin/python3.8 (3.8.2) to create virtualenv…
⠏ Creating virtual environment...created virtual environment CPython3.8.2.final.0-64 in 599ms
  creator CPython3Posix(dest=/Users/qianshaoqing/.local/share/virtualenvs/Qt5-ncMJ2kzj, clear=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/Users/qianshaoqing/Library/Application Support/virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==20.2.4, setuptools==50.3.2, wheel==0.35.1
  activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator

✔ Successfully created virtual environment! 
Virtualenv location: /Users/qianshaoqing/.local/share/virtualenvs/Qt5-ncMJ2kzj
Creating a Pipfile for this project…

第三步：

激活虚拟环境，方法如下：

qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro Qt5 % pipenv shell  # 激活虚拟环境命令
Launching subshell in virtual environment…
 . /Users/qianshaoqing/.local/share/virtualenvs/Qt5-ncMJ2kzj/bin/activate       
qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro Qt5 %  . /Users/qianshaoqing/.local/share/virtualenvs/Qt5-ncMJ2kzj/bin/activate

虚拟环境激活后在Qt5文件夹里会出现一个文件，如下图：

虚拟环境中安装工具包

使用pip安装工具包时默认是在官方网站下载的可能会比较慢，可以改为清华大学的下载地址，方法如下：

在Pycharm中打开Pipfile文件，将地址改为:https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

改好之后下载安装PyQt5工具包，方法如下：

(Qt5) qianshaoqing@MacBook-Pro Qt5 % pipenv install PyQt5 # 安装命令
Installing PyQt5…
Adding PyQt5 to Pipfile's [packages]…
✔ Installation Succeeded 
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
Building requirements...
Resolving dependencies...
✔ Success! 
Updated Pipfile.lock (99e528)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (99e528)…
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