【Python】Python抽象类

Python本身不具有抽象类，通过导入abc模块可以另一抽象类和抽象方法。

from abc import abstractmethod, ABCMeta


class Base(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    @abstractmethod
    def method1(self):
        pass

    def method2(self):
        print('This is a general method.')


class children(Base):

    def method1(self):
        print('This is an abstractmethod.')


child = children()
child.method1()  # This is an abstractmethod.
child.method2()  # This is a general method.

抽象类必须通过ABCMeta元类来定义；

抽象类不能直接实例化，否则会抛出异常：TypeError: Can’t instantiate abstract class [className] with abstract methods [methodNames]；

抽象方法必须在子类中重写来实现，否则会抛出异常：TypeError: Can’t instantiate abstract class [className] with abstract methods [methodNames]；