JAVA为何不用new而用注解_SpringBoot为啥不用配置启动类的实现

前言

在学习SparkJava、Vert.x等轻量级Web框架的时候，都遇到过打包问题，这两个框架打包的时候都需要添加额外的Maven配置，并指定启动类才能得到可执行的JAR包；

而springboot项目，似乎都不需要额外的配置，直接package就可以得到可执行的JAR包，这是怎么回事呢？

Vert.x要怎么配？

我们先来看看，Vert.x打包做哪些配置

1)引入maven-shade-plugin插件

2)在插件中指定在package完成时触发shade操作

3)指定启动类

maven-shade-plugin

3.1.0

package

shade

implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">

com.test.Starter

效果：

执行package操作后，将得到两个jar包

①origin-[your project].jar(Maven默认打包操作得到的jar包，该包仅包含此项目的类)

②[your project].jar(带有依赖包，且配置有启动类的可执行JAR包)

Spring Boot又是怎么做的

不用添加插件？=> 初始化时默认就有

Spring Boot 初始化得到的项目中，默认带有spring-boot-maven-plugin的Maven配置

SpringBoot打包的基本原理与前面的Vertx配置相同，都是使用maven-shade-plugin(spring-boot-maven-plugin底层使用maven-shade-plugin)，在package完成之后，加入依赖的包，并指定启动类。

SpringBoot是在package时，触发repackage，将原打包结果重命名为[your project].jar.original，并得到带有依赖包和配置好启动类的[your project].jar

不用指定启动类？=> 默认扫描得到启动类

spring-boot-maven-plugin会扫描项目，并以带有@SpringBootApplication注解和main方法的类作为启动类。

默认情况下，SpringBoot项目默认启动类写死JarLauncher，该类的main方法再调用扫描得到的实际启动类(XXXApplication)的main方法

源码查看

我们从maven repository下载一个spring-boot-maven-plugin的源码进行查看，查看RepackageMojo.java。

从@Mojo注解中，我们可以知道，该Mojo绑定在PACKAGE(注解中的defaultPhase=LifecyclePhase.PACKAGE)，即在package完成后触发

/**

* Repackages existing JAR and WAR archives so that they can be executed from the command

* line using {@literal java -jar}. With layout=NONE can also be used simply

* to package a JAR with nested dependencies (and no main class, so not executable).

*

* @author Phillip Webb

* @author Dave Syer

* @author Stephane Nicoll

* @author Björn Lindström

* @since 1.0.0

*/

@Mojo(name = "repackage", defaultPhase = LifecyclePhase.PACKAGE, requiresProject = true, threadSafe = true,

requiresDependencyResolution = ResolutionScope.COMPILE_PLUS_RUNTIME,

requiresDependencyCollection = ResolutionScope.COMPILE_PLUS_RUNTIME)

public class RepackageMojo extends AbstractDependencyFilterMojo {

//...

}

我们可以看到，该Mojo中可以指定一个mainclass作为启动类，但是如果没有指定的时候，它是如何处理的呢？

/**

* The name of the main class. If not specified the first compiled class found that

* contains a 'main' method will be used.

* @since 1.0.0

*/

@Parameter

private String mainClass;

我们跟踪这个mainClass，发现在此类中，没有对这个mainClass进行赋值的操作，只用来构造一个Repackager(也就是说在该Maven插件没有配置mainClass的时候，传给Repackager的就是一个null)，我们观察到这个Repackager就是该Mojo执行

@Override

public void execute() throws MojoExecutionException, MojoFailureException {

if (this.project.getPackaging().equals("pom")) {

getLog().debug("repackage goal could not be applied to pom project.");

return;

}

if (this.skip) {

getLog().debug("skipping repackaging as per configuration.");

return;

}

repackage();

}

private void repackage() throws MojoExecutionException {

Artifact source = getSourceArtifact();

File target = getTargetFile();

Repackager repackager = getRepackager(source.getFile());

Set artifacts = filterDependencies(this.project.getArtifacts(), getFilters(getAdditionalFilters()));

Libraries libraries = new ArtifactsLibraries(artifacts, this.requiresUnpack, getLog());

try {

LaunchScript launchScript = getLaunchScript();

repackager.repackage(target, libraries, launchScript); //执行repackage操作

}

catch (IOException ex) {

throw new MojoExecutionException(ex.getMessage(), ex);

}

updateArtifact(source, target, repackager.getBackupFile());

}

private Repackager getRepackager(File source) {

Repackager repackager = new Repackager(source, this.layoutFactory);

repackager.addMainClassTimeoutWarningListener(new LoggingMainClassTimeoutWarningListener());

repackager.setMainClass(this.mainClass); //将插件配置的mainClass注入，默认就是null

if (this.layout != null) {

getLog().info("Layout: " + this.layout);

repackager.setLayout(this.layout.layout());

}

return repackager;

}

由上可知，mainClass的最终确定，应该在Repackager的中完成，我继续跟踪该代码(Repackager来自spring-boot-maven-plugin下引入的spring-boot-loader-tools)，打开Repackager的代码。我们观察到Repackager的setMainClass并没有做额外的操作，只是将传入的参数set进来，但是从注释中可以得知，其在使用时如果为空，则会搜索合适的类作为MainClass

/**

* Utility class that can be used to repackage an archive so that it can be executed using

* '{@literal java -jar}'.

*

* @author Phillip Webb

* @author Andy Wilkinson

* @author Stephane Nicoll

* @since 1.0.0

*/

public class Repackager {

//...

/**

* Sets the main class that should be run. If not specified the value from the

* MANIFEST will be used, or if no manifest entry is found the archive will be

* searched for a suitable class.

* @param mainClass the main class name

*/

public void setMainClass(String mainClass) {

this.mainClass = mainClass;

}

//...

}

我们就从上面调用repackage方法开始看

/**

* Repackage to the given destination so that it can be launched using '

* {@literal java -jar}'.

* @param destination the destination file (may be the same as the source)

* @param libraries the libraries required to run the archive

* @param launchScript an optional launch script prepended to the front of the jar

* @throws IOException if the file cannot be repackaged

* @since 1.3.0

*/

public void repackage(File destination, Libraries libraries, LaunchScript launchScript) throws IOException {

if (destination == null || destination.isDirectory()) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid destination");

}

if (libraries == null) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Libraries must not be null");

}

if (this.layout == null) {

this.layout = getLayoutFactory().getLayout(this.source);

}

destination = destination.getAbsoluteFile();

File workingSource = this.source;

if (alreadyRepackaged() && this.source.equals(destination)) {

return;

}

if (this.source.equals(destination)) {

workingSource = getBackupFile();

workingSource.delete();

renameFile(this.source, workingSource);

}

destination.delete();

try {

try (JarFile jarFileSource = new JarFile(workingSource)) {

repackage(jarFileSource, destination, libraries, launchScript); //这里往下查看

}

}

finally {

if (!this.backupSource && !this.source.equals(workingSource)) {

deleteFile(workingSource);

}

}

}

private void repackage(JarFile sourceJar, File destination, Libraries libraries, LaunchScript launchScript)

throws IOException {

WritableLibraries writeableLibraries = new WritableLibraries(libraries);

try (JarWriter writer = new JarWriter(destination, launchScript)) {

writer.writeManifest(buildManifest(sourceJar)); //注意这里有一个buildManifest

writeLoaderClasses(writer);

if (this.layout instanceof RepackagingLayout) {

writer.writeEntries(sourceJar,

new RenamingEntryTransformer(((RepackagingLayout) this.layout).getRepackagedClassesLocation()),

writeableLibraries);

}

else {

writer.writeEntries(sourceJar, writeableLibraries);

}

writeableLibraries.write(writer);

}

}

private Manifest buildManifest(JarFile source) throws IOException {

Manifest manifest = source.getManifest();

if (manifest == null) {

manifest = new Manifest();

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue("Manifest-Version", "1.0");

}

manifest = new Manifest(manifest);

String startClass = this.mainClass; //mainClass

if (startClass == null) {

startClass = manifest.getMainAttributes().getValue(MAIN_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE); //先尝试从mainfest中拿，这个暂时不清楚数据来源

}

if (startClass == null) {

startClass = findMainMethodWithTimeoutWarning(source); //这里触发搜索mainClass

}

String launcherClassName = this.layout.getLauncherClassName();

if (launcherClassName != null) {

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue(MAIN_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE, launcherClassName);

if (startClass == null) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to find main class");

}

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue(START_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE, startClass);

}

else if (startClass != null) {

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue(MAIN_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE, startClass);

}

String bootVersion = getClass().getPackage().getImplementationVersion();

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue(BOOT_VERSION_ATTRIBUTE, bootVersion);

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue(BOOT_CLASSES_ATTRIBUTE, (this.layout instanceof RepackagingLayout)

? ((RepackagingLayout) this.layout).getRepackagedClassesLocation() : this.layout.getClassesLocation());

String lib = this.layout.getLibraryDestination("", LibraryScope.COMPILE);

if (StringUtils.hasLength(lib)) {

manifest.getMainAttributes().putValue(BOOT_LIB_ATTRIBUTE, lib);

}

return manifest;

}

private String findMainMethodWithTimeoutWarning(JarFile source) throws IOException {

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

String mainMethod = findMainMethod(source); //这里往下看

long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;

if (duration > FIND_WARNING_TIMEOUT) {

for (MainClassTimeoutWarningListener listener : this.mainClassTimeoutListeners) {

listener.handleTimeoutWarning(duration, mainMethod);

}

}

return mainMethod;

}

protected String findMainMethod(JarFile source) throws IOException {

return MainClassFinder.findSingleMainClass(source, this.layout.getClassesLocation(),

SPRING_BOOT_APPLICATION_CLASS_NAME); //在指定Jar文件中查找MainClass

}

private static final String SPRING_BOOT_APPLICATION_CLASS_NAME = "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication";

/**

* Find a single main class in a given jar file. A main class annotated with an

* annotation with the given {@code annotationName} will be preferred over a main

* class with no such annotation.

* @param jarFile the jar file to search

* @param classesLocation the location within the jar containing classes

* @param annotationName the name of the annotation that may be present on the main

* class

* @return the main class or {@code null}

* @throws IOException if the jar file cannot be read

*/

public static String findSingleMainClass(JarFile jarFile, String classesLocation, String annotationName)

throws IOException {

SingleMainClassCallback callback = new SingleMainClassCallback(annotationName);

MainClassFinder.doWithMainClasses(jarFile, classesLocation, callback);

return callback.getMainClassName();

}

从最后几步中，我们可以知道，查找的mainClass是一个带有@SpringBootApplication注解的类。不用说明，该类肯定是带有main方法，如果你想进一步确认，则可以继续查看MainClassFinder的代码(来自spring-boot-loader-tools)。

//...

private static final Type MAIN_METHOD_TYPE = Type.getMethodType(Type.VOID_TYPE, STRING_ARRAY_TYPE);

private static final String MAIN_METHOD_NAME = "main";

private static class ClassDescriptor extends ClassVisitor {

private final Set annotationNames = new LinkedHashSet<>();

private boolean mainMethodFound;

ClassDescriptor() {

super(SpringAsmInfo.ASM_VERSION);

}

@Override

public AnnotationVisitor visitAnnotation(String desc, boolean visible) {

this.annotationNames.add(Type.getType(desc).getClassName());

return null;

}

@Override

public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, String signature, String[] exceptions) {

//如果访问方式是public static 且 方法名为 main 且 返回值为 void，则认定该类含有main方法

if (isAccess(access, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, Opcodes.ACC_STATIC) && MAIN_METHOD_NAME.equals(name)

&& MAIN_METHOD_TYPE.getDescriptor().equals(desc)) {

this.mainMethodFound = true;

}

return null;

}

private boolean isAccess(int access, int... requiredOpsCodes) {

for (int requiredOpsCode : requiredOpsCodes) {

if ((access & requiredOpsCode) == 0) {

return false;

}

}

return true;

}

boolean isMainMethodFound() {

return this.mainMethodFound;

}

Set getAnnotationNames() {

return this.annotationNames;

}

}

//...

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