python GUI using tkinter

想做些GUI，简单起步还是从tkinter开始吧。简单粗暴。

常用的模块

import tkinter


# 实例化一个界面
win = tkinter.Tk()
win.title("Python GUI")

# 创建一个菜单栏
from tkinter import Menu

menu_bar = Menu(win)
win.config(menu=menu_bar)
# 添加菜单项目
file_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
file_menu.add_command(label="New")
file_menu.add_separator() # 在两个label 命令之间加入间隔线
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=_quit)  # 在commad中调用定义的函数
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
# 添加菜单栏项目
help_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
help_menu.add_command(label="About")
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=help_menu)

from tkinter import ttk

tabControl = ttk.Notebook(win)          # Create Tab Control
tab1 = ttk.Frame(tabControl)            # Create a tab 
tabControl.add(tab1, text='Tab 1')      # Add the tab
tab2 = ttk.Frame(tabControl)            # Add a second tab
tabControl.add(tab2, text='Tab 2')      # Make second tab visible
tabControl.pack(expand=1, fill="both")  # Pack to make visible

mighty2 = ttk.LabelFrame(tab2, text=' The Snake ')
mighty2.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=5, pady=4)

TO DO

结合界面截图注释每个模块对应的代码

'''
May 2017
@author: Burkhard A. Meier
'''
#======================
# imports
#======================
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import scrolledtext
from tkinter import Menu

# Create instance
win = tk.Tk()   

# Add a title       
win.title("Python GUI")  

tabControl = ttk.Notebook(win)          # Create Tab Control

tab1 = ttk.Frame(tabControl)            # Create a tab 
tabControl.add(tab1, text='Tab 1')      # Add the tab
tab2 = ttk.Frame(tabControl)            # Add a second tab
tabControl.add(tab2, text='Tab 2')      # Make second tab visible

tabControl.pack(expand=1, fill="both")  # Pack to make visible

# LabelFrame using tab1 as the parent
mighty = ttk.LabelFrame(tab1, text=' Mighty Python ')
mighty.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=8, pady=4)

# Modify adding a Label using mighty as the parent instead of win
a_label = ttk.Label(mighty, text="Enter a name:")
a_label.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='W')

# Modified Button Click Function
def click_me(): 
    action.configure(text='Hello ' + name.get() + ' ' + 
                     number_chosen.get())

# Adding a Textbox Entry widget
name = tk.StringVar()
name_entered = ttk.Entry(mighty, width=12, textvariable=name)
name_entered.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='W')               # align left/West

# Adding a Button
action = ttk.Button(mighty, text="Click Me!", command=click_me)   
action.grid(column=2, row=1)                                

ttk.Label(mighty, text="Choose a number:").grid(column=1, row=0)
number = tk.StringVar()
number_chosen = ttk.Combobox(mighty, width=12, textvariable=number, state='readonly')
number_chosen['values'] = (1, 2, 4, 42, 100)
number_chosen.grid(column=1, row=1)
number_chosen.current(0)


# Using a scrolled Text control    
scrol_w  = 30
scrol_h  =  3
scr = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(mighty, width=scrol_w, height=scrol_h, wrap=tk.WORD)
scr.grid(column=0, row=5, sticky='WE', columnspan=3)                    


# Tab Control 2 refactoring  ---------------------------------------------------------
# We are creating a container frame to hold all other widgets -- Tab2
mighty2 = ttk.LabelFrame(tab2, text=' The Snake ')
mighty2.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=5, pady=4)

# Creating three checkbuttons
chVarDis = tk.IntVar()
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(mighty2, text="Disabled", variable=chVarDis, state='disabled')
check1.select()
check1.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W)

chVarUn = tk.IntVar()
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(mighty2, text="UnChecked", variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()
check2.grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=tk.W)                   

chVarEn = tk.IntVar()
check3 = tk.Checkbutton(mighty2, text="Enabled", variable=chVarEn)
check3.deselect()
check3.grid(column=2, row=4, sticky=tk.W)                     

# GUI Callback function 
def checkCallback(*ignoredArgs):
    # only enable one checkbutton
    if chVarUn.get(): check3.configure(state='disabled')
    else:             check3.configure(state='normal')
    if chVarEn.get(): check2.configure(state='disabled')
    else:             check2.configure(state='normal') 

# trace the state of the two checkbuttons
chVarUn.trace('w', lambda unused0, unused1, unused2 : checkCallback())    
chVarEn.trace('w', lambda unused0, unused1, unused2 : checkCallback())   


# First, we change our Radiobutton global variables into a list
colors = ["Blue", "Gold", "Red"]   

# We have also changed the callback function to be zero-based, using the list 
# instead of module-level global variables 
# Radiobutton Callback
def radCall():
    radSel=radVar.get()
    if   radSel == 0: win.configure(background=colors[0])  # zero-based
    elif radSel == 1: win.configure(background=colors[1])  # using list
    elif radSel == 2: win.configure(background=colors[2])

# create three Radiobuttons using one variable
radVar = tk.IntVar()

# Next we are selecting a non-existing index value for radVar
radVar.set(99)                                 
 
# Now we are creating all three Radiobutton widgets within one loop
for col in range(3):                             
    curRad = tk.Radiobutton(mighty2, text=colors[col], variable=radVar, 
                            value=col, command=radCall)          
    curRad.grid(column=col, row=6, sticky=tk.W)             # row=6

# Create a container to hold labels
buttons_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(mighty2, text=' Labels in a Frame ')
buttons_frame.grid(column=0, row=7)        
 
# Place labels into the container element
ttk.Label(buttons_frame, text="Label1").grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W)
ttk.Label(buttons_frame, text="Label2").grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=tk.W)
ttk.Label(buttons_frame, text="Label3").grid(column=2, row=0, sticky=tk.W)

# Exit GUI cleanly
def _quit():
    win.quit()
    win.destroy()
    exit() 
    
# Creating a Menu Bar
menu_bar = Menu(win)
win.config(menu=menu_bar)

# Add menu items
file_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
file_menu.add_command(label="New")
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=_quit)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)

# Add another Menu to the Menu Bar and an item
help_menu = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
help_menu.add_command(label="About")
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=help_menu)


name_entered.focus()      # Place cursor into name Entry
#======================
# Start GUI
#======================
win.mainloop()