工厂模式和策略模式

Sonder_7

已于 2024-05-24 10:44:18 修改

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分类专栏：设计模式示例讲解文章标签： java 简单工厂模式策略模式

于 2024-05-20 16:52:51 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42166505/article/details/139069521

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作用是应用于同种业务多种情况处理的场景

以下代码实现中的业务场景：目的是获取通道与TradeName的关联关系，通道是一个业务对象，TradeName是一个业务字段，通道与TradeName一对多，每一个通道都关联了TradeName，每个通道下获取TradeName的数据来源处理都不一样。

故适用于策略模式，极大程度上降低各个通道的耦合程度，后续新增通道就新增策略实现类，完全不会影响到历史代码逻辑，外部的调用也不用care策略内部具体的实现逻辑。

但是不要过度设计，这种模式多适用于可预见的大场景、多场景或需重构的业务环境下，简单且几乎不迭代的业务不建议用。

代码实现

Spring上下文对象

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;

@Slf4j
@Component
@Lazy(value = false)
public class SpringContextBean implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext = null;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        if (SpringContextBean.applicationContext == null) {
            SpringContextBean.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取applicationContext
     */
    public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
        return applicationContext;
    }

    /**
     * 通过name获取 Bean.
     */
    public static Object getBean(String name) {

        if (!getApplicationContext().containsBean(name)) {
            return null;
        }

        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);

    }

    /**
     * 通过class获取Bean.
     */
    public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
        try {
            return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean
     */
    public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> clazz) {
        if (!getApplicationContext().containsBean(name)) {
            return null;
        }
        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);
    }

    /**
     * 通过name获取 Bean.
     */
    public static Object getProperty(String key) {
        ApplicationContext context = getApplicationContext();
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(context)) {
            return null;
        }
        return context.getEnvironment().getProperty(key);
    }

    /**
     * 通过name获取 Bean.
     */
    public static String getProfileActive() {
        return getProperty("spring.profiles.active", String.class);
    }

    /**
     * 通过name获取 Bean.
     */
    public static String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue) {
        ApplicationContext context = getApplicationContext();
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(context)) {
            return null;
        }
        return context.getEnvironment().getProperty(key, defaultValue);
    }

    public static <T> T getProperty(String key, Class<T> targetType) {
        ApplicationContext context = getApplicationContext();
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(context)) {
            return null;
        }
        return context.getEnvironment().getProperty(key, targetType);
    }

}

业务代码

客户端

/**
     * 通过 tradeName 获取通道信息
     *
     * @param tradeName tradeName
     * @return 通道信息
     */
    @Override
    public List<InstituteTradeNameResp> getInstituteByTradeName(String tradeName) {
        List<InstituteTradeNameResp> allTradeNameList = getAllInstituteTradeName();
        // TODO 业务处理
        return allTradeNameList;
    }

    /**
     * 获取所有通道与tradeName的映射数据
     *
     * @return 所有通道与tradeName的映射数据
     */
    private List<InstituteTradeNameResp> getAllInstituteTradeName() {
        List<InstituteTradeNameResp> list = new ArrayList<>();
        // 创建上下文
        InstituteTradeNameContext context = new InstituteTradeNameContext();

        // 根据策略执行行为
        InstituteTradeNameStrategy alipayStrategy = InstituteTradeNameFactoryManager.getStrategy(InstituteTradeNameStrategyConst.ALIPAY_WEB_PAYMENT);
        context.setInstituteTradeNameStrategy(alipayStrategy);
        List<InstituteTradeNameResp> aliList = context.execute();

        InstituteTradeNameStrategy dragonPayStrategy = InstituteTradeNameFactoryManager.getStrategy(InstituteTradeNameStrategyConst.DRAGON_PAY_GCASH_WEB_PAY);
        context.setInstituteTradeNameStrategy(dragonPayStrategy);
        List<InstituteTradeNameResp> dragonPayList = context.execute();

        list.addAll(aliList);
        list.addAll(dragonPayList);
        return list;
    }

工厂管理类

封装工厂类

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

/**
 * 通过tradeName确认通道的简单工厂管理类 - 注册工厂并创建策略对象
 *
 * @author jiangXueZhi
 * @date 2024/5/21
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class InstituteTradeNameFactoryManager {
    @Resource
    private List<InstituteTradeNameFactory> instituteTradeNameStrategyList;

    private static Map<String, InstituteTradeNameFactory> factoryMap = new HashMap<>();

    /**
     * 手动注册工厂
     *
     * @param instituteName 通道名称 - 决定注册到哪个工厂实现中
     * @param factory 工厂实现类
     */
    public void registerFactory(String instituteName, InstituteTradeNameFactory factory) {
        
        factoryMap.put(instituteName, factory);
    }

    /**
     * 自动注册工厂
     */
    @PostConstruct // 该注解类似于静态代码块，启动项会自动执行
    public void initRegisterFactory() {
        factoryMap = instituteTradeNameStrategyList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(InstituteTradeNameFactory::initStrategyKey, Function.identity())); // 调用各个实现类的initStrategyKey方法获取数据
        
    }

    /**
     * 创建策略接口对象
     *
     * @param instituteName 通道名称
     * @return 策略接口对象
     */
    public static InstituteTradeNameStrategy getStrategy(String instituteName) {
        
        InstituteTradeNameFactory instituteTradeNameFactory = factoryMap.get(instituteName);
        if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(instituteTradeNameFactory)) {
            log.warn("InstituteTradeNameFactoryManager, createStrategy, instituteTradeNameFactory is empty, instituteName : {}, factoryMapKey : {}", instituteName, factoryMap.keySet());
            return null;
        }
        return instituteTradeNameFactory.createStrategy();
    }
}

工厂

创建策略对象

/**
 * 通过tradeName确认通道的简单工厂类
 */
public interface InstituteTradeNameFactory {
    /**
     * 策略key, 用来获取不同的工厂
     */
    String initStrategyKey();

    InstituteTradeNameStrategy createStrategy();
}

工厂实现

创建对应不同行为的策略对象


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Alipay - Web Payment 工厂实现
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
public class InstituteTradeNameFactoryAlipayWebPayment implements InstituteTradeNameFactory{
    @Override
    public String initStrategyKey() {
        return InstituteTradeNameStrategyConst.ALIPAY_WEB_PAYMENT;
    }

    /**
     * 创建策略对象  Alipay - Web Payment
     */
    @Override
    public InstituteTradeNameStrategy createStrategy() {
        
        // return new InstituteTradeNameStrategyAlipayWebPayment(); 此处设计的不好 策略实现中强依赖了Spring 如果用new的话会导致注入进来的对象是null
        return SpringContextBean.getBean(InstituteTradeNameStrategy.class);
    }
}


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * DragonPay - GCash-Web Pay 工厂实现
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
public class InstituteTradeNameFactoryDragonPay implements InstituteTradeNameFactory{

    @Override
    public String initStrategyKey() {
        return InstituteTradeNameStrategyConst.DRAGON_PAY_GCASH_WEB_PAY;
    }

    /**
     * 创建策略对象  DragonPay - GCash-Web Pay
     */
    @Override
    public InstituteTradeNameStrategy createStrategy() {
        
        // return new InstituteTradeNameStrategyDragonPay(); 此处设计的不好 策略实现中强依赖了Spring 如果用new的话会导致注入进来的对象是null
        return SpringContextBean.getBean(InstituteTradeNameStrategy.class);
    }
}

策略

同种业务



import java.util.List;

/**
 * 通过tradeName确认通道的策略
 */
public interface InstituteTradeNameStrategy {
    /**
     * 行为
     *
     * @return tradeName 对应的通道
     */
    List<InstituteTradeNameResp> getInstituteWithTradeName();
}

策略行为实现

不同行为

import com.beust.jcommander.internal.Lists;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Alipay - Web Payment 策略实现
 *
 * @author jiangXueZhi
 * @date 2024/5/20
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
public class InstituteTradeNameStrategyAlipayWebPayment implements InstituteTradeNameStrategy{

    @Override
    public List<InstituteTradeNameResp> getInstituteWithTradeName() {
        
        InstituteTradeNameResp resp = new InstituteTradeNameResp();
        resp.setInstituteId(1);
        resp.setInstituteName("Alipay - Web Payment");
        resp.setTradeName("Alipay TradeName");
        return Collections.singletonList(resp);
    }
}


import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * DragonPay - GCash-Web Pay 策略实现
 *
 * @author jiangXueZhi
 * @date 2024/5/20
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
public class InstituteTradeNameStrategyDragonPay implements InstituteTradeNameStrategy{

    @Override
    public List<InstituteTradeNameResp> getInstituteWithTradeName() {
        
        InstituteTradeNameResp resp = new InstituteTradeNameResp();
        resp.setInstituteId(1);
        resp.setInstituteName("DragonPay - GCash-Web Pay");
        resp.setTradeName("DragonPay TradeName");
        return Collections.singletonList(resp);
    }
}

上下文

进一步封装

import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 通过tradeName确认通道的上下文
 *
 * @author jiangXueZhi
 * @date 2024/5/21
 */
@Slf4j
@Setter
public class InstituteTradeNameContext {
    private InstituteTradeNameStrategy instituteTradeNameStrategy;

    public List<InstituteTradeNameResp> execute() {
        if (instituteTradeNameStrategy == null) {
            
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
        return instituteTradeNameStrategy.getInstituteWithTradeName();
    }
}

行为种类

方便行为的管理

import lombok.Getter;

@Getter
public class InstituteTradeNameStrategyConst {
    /**
     * Alipay - Web Payment
     */
    public static final String ALIPAY_WEB_PAYMENT = "Alipay - Web Payment";

    /**
     * AllBank - QR DragonPay - GCash-Web Pay
     */
    public static final String ALL_BANK_QR = "Allbank - QR";

    
}

业务响应

{
    "code": 1,
    "data": [
        {
            "institute_id": 1,
            "institute_name": "Alipay - Web Payment",
            "trade_name": "Alipay TradeName"
        },
        {
            "institute_id": 1,
            "institute_name": "DragonPay - GCash-Web Pay",
            "trade_name": "DragonPay TradeName"
        }
    ],
    "message": "success"
}