智能指针类模板

智能指针类模板

• 最重要类模板之一
• 自动内存管理的主要手段
• 能在很大程度上避开内存相关的问题

STL中的智能指针auto_ptr

• 声明周期结束时，销毁指向的内存空间
• 不能指向堆数组，只能指向堆对象（变量）
• 一片堆空间只属于一个智能指针对象
• 多个智能指针对象不能指向同一片堆空间（避免多次释放同一指针）

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;

class Test
{
	string m_name;
public:
	Test(const char* name)
	{
		cout << "hello ." << name << "." << endl;
		m_name = name;
	}
	void print()
	{
		cout << "T'm " << m_name << "." << endl;
	}
	~Test()
	{
		cout << "goodby ." << m_name << "." << endl;
	}
		
};

int main()
{
	auto_ptr<Test> pt(new Test("chen"));
	
	cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
	pt->print();
	cout << endl;
	auto_ptr<Test> pt1(pt);
	
	cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
	cout << "pt1 = " << pt1.get() << endl;
	pt1->print();

    return 0;
}

61-1.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
61-1.cpp:29:2: warning: ‘template class std::auto_ptr’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
auto_ptr pt(new Test(“chen”));
^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/memory:80,
from 61-1.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/8/bits/unique_ptr.h:53:28: note: declared here
template class auto_ptr;
^~~~~~~~
61-1.cpp:37:2: warning: ‘template class std::auto_ptr’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
auto_ptr pt1(pt);
^~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/8/memory:80,
from 61-1.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/8/bits/unique_ptr.h:53:28: note: declared here
template class auto_ptr;
^~~~~~~~
???

STL中其他智能指针

QT中的智能指针

• QPointer
  • 当其指向的对象销毁时，他会被自动置空
  • 析构时不会自动销毁锁指向的对象
• QSharedPointer
  • 引用计数型智能指针
  • 可以被自由的拷贝和赋值
  • 当引用计数为0时才能删除指向的对象

第61课第二节

• QT中的智能指针没学

自己实现智能指针

#ifndef _SMARTPOINTER_H_
#define _SMARTPOINTER_H_

template
< typename T >
class SmartPointer
{
	T* mp;
public:
	SmartPointer(T* p = NULL)
	{
		mp = p;
	}
	SmartPointer(const SmartPointer<T>& obj)//拷贝构造函数
	{
		//delete mp;
		mp = obj.mp;//将自己的堆空间装给当前对象
		const_cast<SmartPointer<T>&>(obj).mp = NULL; //去常
	}
	SmartPointer& operator = (const SmartPointer<T>& obj)//重载赋值
	{
		if(this != &obj)
		{
			delete mp;
			mp = obj.mp;
			const_cast<SmartPointer<T>&>(obj).mp = NULL;
		}
		return *this;
	}
	T* operator->()
	{
		return mp;
	}
	T& operator*()
	{
		return *mp;
	}
	bool isNull()
	{
		return (mp == NULL);
	}
	
	T* get()
	{
		return mp;
	}
	
	~SmartPointer()//为什么会执行这个析构函数，对象销毁之后执行
	{
		delete mp;
	}
};


#endif

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "SmartPointer.h"

using namespace std;

class Test
{
	string m_name;
public:
	Test(const char* name)
	{
		cout << "hello ." << name << "." << endl;
		m_name = name;
	}
	void print()
	{
		cout << "T'm " << m_name << "." << endl;
	}
	~Test()
	{
		cout << "goodby ." << m_name << "." << endl;
	}
		
};

int main()
{
	SmartPointer<Test> pt(new Test("chen"));
	
	cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
	
	pt->print();
	
	cout << endl;
	
	SmartPointer<Test> pt1(pt);
	
	cout << "pt = " << pt.get() << endl;
	cout << "pt1 = " << pt1.get() << endl;
	
	pt1->print();
	
    return 0;
}

小结

• 智能指针C++中自动内存管理的主要手段
• 能在很大程度上避开内存相关的问题
• 智能指针在各种平台上都有不同的表现形式
• STL和QT中都提供了对智能指针的支持