【c++】寒假学习-new与delete表达式

一、new表达式工作步骤
使用new表达式时发生的三个步骤：

1. 调用名为operator new的标准库函数，分配足够大的原始的未类型化的内存，
   以保存指定类型的一个对象
2. 运行该类型的一个构造函数初始化对象
3. 返回指向新分配并构造的构造函数对象的指针

二、nedelete表达式工作步骤
使用delete表达式时发生的两个步骤：
4. 调用析构函数，回收对象所申请的资源
5. 调用名为operator delete的标准库函数释放该对象所用的内存

三、operator new和operator delete函数的重载版本

//operator new库函数
void * operator new(size_t);
void * operator new[](size_t);
//operator delete库函数
void operator delete(void *);
void operator delete[](void *);

	void *operator new(size_t sz)
	{
		void * ret = malloc(sz);
		//cout << "调用operator new" << endl;
		return ret;
	}

	void operator delete(void * pointer)
	{
		free(pointer);
		//cout << "调用operator delete" << endl;
	}

只能创建栈对象

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <iostream>
//#include "stdio.h"

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class Student
{
//public:
private:
	void *operator new(size_t sz)
	{
		void * ret = malloc(sz);
		cout << "调用operator new" << endl;
		return ret;
	}
public:
	Student(int id,const char * name)			//为什么这里要加const？
		:_id(id),
		_name(new char[strlen(name)+1])
	{
		strcpy(_name, name);
		cout << "调用构造函数" << endl;
	}
public:
//private:
	~Student()
	{
		delete [] _name;
		cout << "调用析构函数" << endl;
	}
public:
	//void destroy()
	//{
	//	delete this;
	//}
	void operator delete(void * pointer)
	{
		free(pointer);
		cout << "调用operator delete" << endl;
	}
	void print() const
	{
		cout << "_id:" << _id << endl;
		cout << "_name:" << _name << endl;
	}
private:
	char* _name;
	int _id;
};


//只能创建栈对象
//只能创建堆对象

int main()
{
	//栈对象
	Student stu_z(99, "lin");
	stu_z.print();
	//堆对象
	//Student * stu_d = new Student(100, "KANG");
	//stu_d->print();
	delete stu_d;
	//stu_d->destroy();

	system("pause");
    return 0;
}

调用构造函数
_id:99
_name:lin
请按任意键继续. . .
调用析构函数

只能创建堆对象

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <iostream>
//#include "stdio.h"

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class Student
{
public:
//private:
	void *operator new(size_t sz)
	{
		void * ret = malloc(sz);
		cout << "调用operator new" << endl;
		return ret;
	}
public:
	Student(int id,const char * name)			//为什么这里要加const？
		:_id(id),
		_name(new char[strlen(name)+1])
	{
		strcpy(_name, name);
		cout << "调用构造函数" << endl;
	}
//public:
private:
	~Student()
	{
		delete [] _name;
		cout << "调用析构函数" << endl;
	}
public:
	void destroy()
	{
		delete this;
	}
	void operator delete(void * pointer)
	{
		free(pointer);
		cout << "调用operator delete" << endl;
	}
	void print() const
	{
		cout << "_id:" << _id << endl;
		cout << "_name:" << _name << endl;
	}
private:
	char* _name;
	int _id;
};
//只能创建堆对象

int main()
{
	//栈对象
	//Student stu_z(99, "lin");
	//stu_z.print();
	//堆对象
	Student * stu_d = new Student(100, "KANG");
	stu_d->print();
	//delete stu_d;
	stu_d->destroy();

	system("pause");
    return 0;
}

调用operator new
调用构造函数
_id:100
_name:KANG
调用析构函数
调用operator delete
请按任意键继续. . .