字符串切片.py

"""
https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.10/tutorial/introduction.html

除了索引，字符串还支持 切片。
索引可以提取单个字符，
切片 则提取子字符串：

"""
word = 'Python'

# 1、对于使用非负索引的切片，如果两个索引都不越界，切片长度就是起止索引之差。
# 例如， word[1:3] 的长度是 2。
print(word[0:2])  # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)
# Py
print(word[2:5])  # characters from position 2 (included) to 5 (excluded)
# tho

# 2、切片索引的默认值很有用；
# 省略开始索引时，默认值为 0，
# 省略结束索引时，默认为到字符串的结尾：
print('\n2、')
print(word[:2])  # character from the beginning to position 2 (excluded)
# 'Py'
print(word[4:])  # characters from position 4 (included) to the end
# 'on'
print(word[-2:])  # characters from the second-last (included) to the end
# 'on'

# 3、注意，输出结果包含切片开始，但不包含切片结束。
# 因此，s[:i] + s[i:] 总是等于 s。
print('\n3、')
print(word[:2] + word[2:])
# 'Python'
print(word[:4] + word[4:])
# 'Python'

# 4、索引越界会报错：
print('\n4、')
# print(word[42])  # the word only has 6 characters
# # IndexError: string index out of range

# 但是，切片会自动处理越界索引：
print(word[4:42])
# 'on'
print(word[42:])
# ''

# 5、Python 字符串不能修改，是 immutable 的。因此，为字符串中某个索引位置赋值会报错：
print('\n5、')
# word[0] = 'J'
# # TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
# word[2:] = 'py'
# # TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

# 要生成不同的字符串，应新建一个字符串：
print('J' + word[1:])
# 'Jython'
print(word[:2] + 'py')
# 'Pypy'

# 6、内置函数 len() 返回字符串的长度：
print('\n6、')
s = 'supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'
print(len(s))  # 34