【c++ 条件变量注意问题】

示例：

下面例子来自https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread/condition_variable/wait.

#include <iostream>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
 
std::condition_variable cv;
std::mutex cv_m; // This mutex is used for three purposes:
                 // 1) to synchronize accesses to i
                 // 2) to synchronize accesses to std::cerr
                 // 3) for the condition variable cv
int i = 0;
 
void waits()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
    std::cerr << "Waiting... \n";
    cv.wait(lk, []{return i == 1;});
    std::cerr << "...finished waiting. i == 1\n";
}
 
void signals()
{
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        std::cerr << "Notifying...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
 
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
 
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
        i = 1;
        std::cerr << "Notifying again...\n";
    }
    cv.notify_all();
}
 
int main()
{
    std::thread t1(waits), t2(waits), t3(waits), t4(signals);
    t1.join(); 
    t2.join(); 
    t3.join();
    t4.join();
}

Possible output:

Waiting...
Waiting...
Waiting...
Notifying...
Notifying again...
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1
...finished waiting. i == 1

关键点

锁的作用

在上面的例子中锁有三点作用，注释代码已经说的很清楚，另外notify时是否需要加锁，详见cppreference。

通知丢失

先notify_all后调用不带谓词的wait时，当前线程会进入等待，之前的notify_all会丢失。解决此问题的办法是使用带谓词版本的wait函数。

虚假唤醒

网上关于虚假唤醒的原因有各种各样的说法，不管是哪一种说法，最后的现象是等待的线程被唤醒了，但是线程运行的条件不满足。解决此问题的办法是使用带谓词版本的wait函数。