卷积神经网络第二周 编程作业

用keras框架完成检测图片是不是笑脸的模型：

import numpy as np
from keras import layers
from keras.layers import Input, Dense, Activation, ZeroPadding2D, BatchNormalization, Flatten, Conv2D
from keras.layers import AveragePooling2D, MaxPooling2D, Dropout, GlobalMaxPooling2D, GlobalAveragePooling2D
from keras.models import Model
from keras.preprocessing import image
from keras.utils import layer_utils
from keras.utils.data_utils import get_file
from keras.applications.imagenet_utils import preprocess_input
import pydot
from IPython.display import SVG
from keras.utils.vis_utils import model_to_dot
from keras.utils import plot_model
import kt_utils

import keras.backend as K
K.set_image_data_format('channels_last')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pyplot import imshow
X_train_orig, Y_train_orig, X_test_orig, Y_test_orig, classes = kt_utils.load_dataset()

# Normalize image vectors
X_train = X_train_orig/255.
X_test = X_test_orig/255.

# Reshape
Y_train = Y_train_orig.T
Y_test = Y_test_orig.T


def model(input_shape):  # keras的模型示例
    """
    keras框架使用的变量名和我们以前使用的numpy和TensorFlow变量不一样。
    它不是在前向传播的每一步上创建新变量（比如X, Z1, A1, Z2, A2,…）
    以便于不同层之间的计算。在Keras中，
    我们使用X覆盖了所有的值，没有保存每一层结果，
    我们只需要最新的值，唯一例外的就是X_input，
    我们将它分离出来是因为它是输入的数据，我们要在最后的创建模型那一步中用到。
    """
    #定义一个tensor的placeholder，维度为input_shape
    X_input = Input(input_shape)

    #使用0填充：X_input的周围填充0
    X = ZeroPadding2D((3,3))(X_input)

    # 对X使用 CONV -> BN -> RELU 块
    X = Conv2D(32, (7, 7), strides = (1, 1), name = 'conv0')(X)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis = 3, name = 'bn0')(X)
    X = Activation('relu')(X)

    #最大值池化层
    X = MaxPooling2D((2,2),name="max_pool")(X)

    #降维，矩阵转化为向量 + 全连接层
    X = Flatten()(X)
    X = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid', name='fc')(X)

    #创建模型，讲话创建一个模型的实体，我们可以用它来训练、测试。
    model = Model(inputs = X_input, outputs = X, name='HappyModel')

    return model


def HappyModel(input_shape):
    """
    实现一个检测笑容的模型

    参数：
        input_shape - 输入的数据的维度
    返回：
        model - 创建的Keras的模型

    """

    #你可以参考和上面的大纲
    X_input = Input(input_shape)

    #使用0填充：X_input的周围填充0
    X = ZeroPadding2D((3, 3))(X_input)

    #对X使用 CONV -> BN -> RELU 块
    X = Conv2D(32, (7, 7), strides=(1, 1), name='conv0')(X)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name='bn0')(X)
    X = Activation('relu')(X)

    #最大值池化层
    X = MaxPooling2D((2, 2), name='max_pool')(X)

    #降维，矩阵转化为向量 + 全连接层
    X = Flatten()(X)
    X = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid', name='fc')(X)

    #创建模型，讲话创建一个模型的实体，我们可以用它来训练、测试。
    model = Model(inputs=X_input, outputs=X, name='HappyModel')

    return model


#创建一个模型实体
happy_model = HappyModel(X_train.shape[1:])
#编译模型
happy_model.compile("adam","binary_crossentropy", metrics=['accuracy'])
#训练模型
#请注意，此操作会花费你大约6-10分钟。
happy_model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=40, batch_size=50)
#评估模型
preds = happy_model.evaluate(X_test, Y_test, batch_size=32, verbose=1, sample_weight=None)
print ("误差值 = " + str(preds[0]))
print ("准确度 = " + str(preds[1]))


"""
img_path = 'images/ID.jpg'

img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(64, 64))
imshow(img)

x = image.img_to_array(img)
x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
x = preprocess_input(x)

print(happy_model.predict(x))


happy_model.summary()  # 打印每层信息
"""

残差网络：

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

from keras import layers
from keras.layers import Input, Add, Dense, Activation, ZeroPadding2D, BatchNormalization, Flatten, Conv2D, AveragePooling2D, MaxPooling2D, GlobalMaxPooling2D
from keras.models import Model, load_model
from keras.preprocessing import image
from keras.utils import layer_utils
from keras.utils.data_utils import get_file
from keras.applications.imagenet_utils import preprocess_input
from keras.utils.vis_utils import model_to_dot
from keras.utils import plot_model
from keras.initializers import glorot_uniform

import pydot
from IPython.display import SVG
import scipy.misc
from matplotlib.pyplot import imshow
import keras.backend as K
K.set_image_data_format('channels_last')
K.set_learning_phase(1)

import resnets_utils


def identity_block(X, f, filters, stage, block):
    """
    实现图3的恒等块

    参数：
        X - 输入的tensor类型的数据，维度为( m, n_H_prev, n_W_prev, n_H_prev )
        f - 整数，指定主路径中间的CONV窗口的维度
        filters - 整数列表，定义了主路径每层的卷积层的过滤器数量
        stage - 整数，根据每层的位置来命名每一层，与block参数一起使用。
        block - 字符串，据每层的位置来命名每一层，与stage参数一起使用。

    返回：
        X - 恒等块的输出，tensor类型，维度为(n_H, n_W, n_C)

    """

    #定义命名规则
    conv_name_base = "res" + str(stage) + block + "_branch"
    bn_name_base   = "bn"  + str(stage) + block + "_branch"

    #获取过滤器
    F1, F2, F3 = filters

    #保存输入数据，将会用于为主路径添加捷径
    X_shortcut = X

    #主路径的第一部分
    ##卷积层
    X = Conv2D(filters=F1, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(1,1) ,padding="valid",
               name=conv_name_base+"2a", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    ##归一化
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"2a")(X)
    ##使用ReLU激活函数
    X = Activation("relu")(X)

    #主路径的第二部分
    ##卷积层
    X = Conv2D(filters=F2, kernel_size=(f,f),strides=(1,1), padding="same",
               name=conv_name_base+"2b", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    ##归一化
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"2b")(X)
    ##使用ReLU激活函数
    X = Activation("relu")(X)


    #主路径的第三部分
    ##卷积层
    X = Conv2D(filters=F3, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(1,1), padding="valid",
               name=conv_name_base+"2c", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    ##归一化
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"2c")(X)
    ##没有ReLU激活函数

    #最后一步：
    ##将捷径与输入加在一起
    X = Add()([X,X_shortcut])
    ##使用ReLU激活函数
    X = Activation("relu")(X)

    return X


def convolutional_block(X, f, filters, stage, block, s=2):
    """
    实现图5的卷积块

    参数：
        X - 输入的tensor类型的变量，维度为( m, n_H_prev, n_W_prev, n_C_prev)
        f - 整数，指定主路径中间的CONV窗口的维度
        filters - 整数列表，定义了主路径每层的卷积层的过滤器数量
        stage - 整数，根据每层的位置来命名每一层，与block参数一起使用。
        block - 字符串，据每层的位置来命名每一层，与stage参数一起使用。
        s - 整数，指定要使用的步幅

    返回：
        X - 卷积块的输出，tensor类型，维度为(n_H, n_W, n_C)
    """

    #定义命名规则
    conv_name_base = "res" + str(stage) + block + "_branch"
    bn_name_base   = "bn"  + str(stage) + block + "_branch"

    #获取过滤器数量
    F1, F2, F3 = filters

    #保存输入数据
    X_shortcut = X

    #主路径
    ##主路径第一部分
    X = Conv2D(filters=F1, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(s,s), padding="valid",
               name=conv_name_base+"2a", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"2a")(X)
    X = Activation("relu")(X)

    ##主路径第二部分
    X = Conv2D(filters=F2, kernel_size=(f,f), strides=(1,1), padding="same",
               name=conv_name_base+"2b", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"2b")(X)
    X = Activation("relu")(X)

    ##主路径第三部分
    X = Conv2D(filters=F3, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(1,1), padding="valid",
               name=conv_name_base+"2c", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"2c")(X)

    #捷径
    X_shortcut = Conv2D(filters=F3, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(s,s), padding="valid",
               name=conv_name_base+"1", kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X_shortcut)
    X_shortcut = BatchNormalization(axis=3,name=bn_name_base+"1")(X_shortcut)

    #最后一步
    X = Add()([X,X_shortcut])
    X = Activation("relu")(X)

    return X


def ResNet50(input_shape=(64,64,3),classes=6):
    """
    实现ResNet50
    CONV2D -> BATCHNORM -> RELU -> MAXPOOL -> CONVBLOCK -> IDBLOCK*2 -> CONVBLOCK -> IDBLOCK*3
    -> CONVBLOCK -> IDBLOCK*5 -> CONVBLOCK -> IDBLOCK*2 -> AVGPOOL -> TOPLAYER

    参数：
        input_shape - 图像数据集的维度
        classes - 整数，分类数

    返回：
        model - Keras框架的模型

    """

    #定义tensor类型的输入数据
    X_input = Input(input_shape)

    #0填充
    X = ZeroPadding2D((3,3))(X_input)

    #stage1
    X = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(7,7), strides=(2,2), name="conv1",
               kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
    X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name="bn_conv1")(X)
    X = Activation("relu")(X)
    X = MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(3,3), strides=(2,2))(X)

    #stage2
    X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block="a", s=1)
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block="b")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block="c")

    #stage3
    X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block="a", s=2)
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block="b")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block="c")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block="d")

    #stage4
    X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block="a", s=2)
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block="b")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block="c")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block="d")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block="e")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block="f")

    #stage5
    X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block="a", s=2)
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block="b")
    X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block="c")

    #均值池化层
    X = AveragePooling2D(pool_size=(2,2),padding="same")(X)

    #输出层
    X = Flatten()(X)
    X = Dense(classes, activation="softmax", name="fc"+str(classes),
              kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)


    #创建模型
    model = Model(inputs=X_input, outputs=X, name="ResNet50")

    return model

model = ResNet50(input_shape=(64,64,3),classes=6)
model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss="categorical_crossentropy", metrics=["accuracy"])


X_train_orig, Y_train_orig, X_test_orig, Y_test_orig, classes = resnets_utils.load_dataset()

# Normalize image vectors
X_train = X_train_orig / 255.
X_test = X_test_orig / 255.

# Convert training and test labels to one hot matrices
Y_train = resnets_utils.convert_to_one_hot(Y_train_orig, 6).T
Y_test = resnets_utils.convert_to_one_hot(Y_test_orig, 6).T

model.fit(X_train,Y_train,epochs=2,batch_size=32)

preds = model.evaluate(X_test,Y_test)
print("误差值 = " + str(preds[0]))
print("准确率 = " + str(preds[1]))

resnets_utils.py:

import os
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import h5py
import math

def load_dataset():
    train_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/train_signs.h5', "r")
    train_set_x_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_x"][:]) # your train set features
    train_set_y_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_y"][:]) # your train set labels

    test_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/test_signs.h5', "r")
    test_set_x_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_x"][:]) # your test set features
    test_set_y_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_y"][:]) # your test set labels

    classes = np.array(test_dataset["list_classes"][:]) # the list of classes
    
    train_set_y_orig = train_set_y_orig.reshape((1, train_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    test_set_y_orig = test_set_y_orig.reshape((1, test_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    
    return train_set_x_orig, train_set_y_orig, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y_orig, classes


def random_mini_batches(X, Y, mini_batch_size = 64, seed = 0):
    """
    Creates a list of random minibatches from (X, Y)
    
    Arguments:
    X -- input data, of shape (input size, number of examples) (m, Hi, Wi, Ci)
    Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if cat, 1 if non-cat), of shape (1, number of examples) (m, n_y)
    mini_batch_size - size of the mini-batches, integer
    seed -- this is only for the purpose of grading, so that you're "random minibatches are the same as ours.
    
    Returns:
    mini_batches -- list of synchronous (mini_batch_X, mini_batch_Y)
    """
    
    m = X.shape[0]                  # number of training examples
    mini_batches = []
    np.random.seed(seed)
    
    # Step 1: Shuffle (X, Y)
    permutation = list(np.random.permutation(m))
    shuffled_X = X[permutation,:,:,:]
    shuffled_Y = Y[permutation,:]

    # Step 2: Partition (shuffled_X, shuffled_Y). Minus the end case.
    num_complete_minibatches = math.floor(m/mini_batch_size) # number of mini batches of size mini_batch_size in your partitionning
    for k in range(0, num_complete_minibatches):
        mini_batch_X = shuffled_X[k * mini_batch_size : k * mini_batch_size + mini_batch_size,:,:,:]
        mini_batch_Y = shuffled_Y[k * mini_batch_size : k * mini_batch_size + mini_batch_size,:]
        mini_batch = (mini_batch_X, mini_batch_Y)
        mini_batches.append(mini_batch)
    
    # Handling the end case (last mini-batch < mini_batch_size)
    if m % mini_batch_size != 0:
        mini_batch_X = shuffled_X[num_complete_minibatches * mini_batch_size : m,:,:,:]
        mini_batch_Y = shuffled_Y[num_complete_minibatches * mini_batch_size : m,:]
        mini_batch = (mini_batch_X, mini_batch_Y)
        mini_batches.append(mini_batch)
    
    return mini_batches


def convert_to_one_hot(Y, C):
    Y = np.eye(C)[Y.reshape(-1)].T
    return Y


def forward_propagation_for_predict(X, parameters):
    
    Implements the forward propagation for the model: LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> SOFTMAX
    
    Arguments:
    X -- input dataset placeholder, of shape (input size, number of examples)
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters "W1", "b1", "W2", "b2", "W3", "b3"
                  the shapes are given in initialize_parameters
    Returns:
    Z3 -- the output of the last LINEAR unit
    """
    
    # Retrieve the parameters from the dictionary "parameters" 
    W1 = parameters['W1']
    b1 = parameters['b1']
    W2 = parameters['W2']
    b2 = parameters['b2']
    W3 = parameters['W3']
    b3 = parameters['b3'] 
                                                           # Numpy Equivalents:
    Z1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W1, X), b1)                      # Z1 = np.dot(W1, X) + b1
    A1 = tf.nn.relu(Z1)                                    # A1 = relu(Z1)
    Z2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W2, A1), b2)                     # Z2 = np.dot(W2, a1) + b2
    A2 = tf.nn.relu(Z2)                                    # A2 = relu(Z2)
    Z3 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W3, A2), b3)                     # Z3 = np.dot(W3,Z2) + b3
    
    return Z3

def predict(X, parameters):
    
    W1 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["W1"])
    b1 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["b1"])
    W2 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["W2"])
    b2 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["b2"])
    W3 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["W3"])
    b3 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["b3"])
    
    params = {"W1": W1,
              "b1": b1,
              "W2": W2,
              "b2": b2,
              "W3": W3,
              "b3": b3}
    
    x = tf.placeholder("float", [12288, 1])
    
    z3 = forward_propagation_for_predict(x, params)
    p = tf.argmax(z3)
    
    sess = tf.Session()
    prediction = sess.run(p, feed_dict = {x: X})
        
    return prediction

kt_utils:

import keras.backend as K
import math
import numpy as np
import h5py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def mean_pred(y_true, y_pred):
    return K.mean(y_pred)

def load_dataset():
    train_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/train_happy.h5', "r")
    train_set_x_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_x"][:]) # your train set features
    train_set_y_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_y"][:]) # your train set labels

    test_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/test_happy.h5', "r")
    test_set_x_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_x"][:]) # your test set features
    test_set_y_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_y"][:]) # your test set labels

    classes = np.array(test_dataset["list_classes"][:]) # the list of classes
    
    train_set_y_orig = train_set_y_orig.reshape((1, train_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    test_set_y_orig = test_set_y_orig.reshape((1, test_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    
    return train_set_x_orig, train_set_y_orig, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y_orig, classes

运行结果：




（省略一部分）