不同系统mysql安装教程

1 windows

安装MySQL5.7

1 下载mysql

官网地址

将压缩包解压到任意一个文件夹，进入到mysql文件夹根目录，创建图中箭头所示文件my.ini

my.ini文件内容

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
#设置3306端口
port =3306

# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64

# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\data

# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200

# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8

# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB

以“#”开头的是注释，不加也行。此处有两点需要注意的：

• basedir=D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64 这是安装mysql的目录，“=”后面的值根据情况自行修改；
• datadir=D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\data 以后新建的数据库都存放在data目录下。data可以改成其他名称

注意：my.ini文件是需要自己配置的，解压后里面没有。另，上有一名为data的文件夹，这个不需要自己建，下面会说它是怎样出现的。

2 设置环境变量

右键点击我的电脑，我的电脑-->属性-->高级系统设置-->环境变量-->Path（系统变量、用户变量皆可）

3 配置

管理员身份运行cmd，依次执行下列命令

#  1 进入MySQL的bin目录
C:\WINDOWS\system32>cd d:\edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\bin
C:\WINDOWS\system32>d:

# 2 安装mysql服务
D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\bin>mysqld --install

# 3 初始化mysql
D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql

# 4 启动mysql服务
D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服务正在启动 .
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

# 5 设置登录密码。输入 mysql -u root -p ，刚安装完是默认没有密码的，直接回车即可
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set authentication_string=password("***") where user="root";
mysql>flush privileges;

配置完成后，再使用mysql按照下图即可：

安装MySQL8.0

1 下载mysql

官网下载

mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5
https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangfeilong/p/10554801.html

sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6.4 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5

2 设置环境变量

将下载好的压缩包解压到任意一个目录，然后设置环境变量

3 配置

# 1 进入相应bin目录
C:\Windows\system32>cd g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin
C:\Windows\system32>g:

# 2 安装mysql服务（删除已存在的mysql服务使用 mysqld remove ）
g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>mysqld install
Service successfully installed.

# 3 初始化MySQL，设置初始登录密码为空
g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize-insecure

# 4 启动MySQL服务
g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服务正在启动 ..
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

# 5 设置mysql登录用户密码
g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
...

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY  '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

---

注：若想在没有安装mysql服务的情况下使用mysql，可遵循如下步骤

1、首先打开一个命令行窗口，启动mysqld

PS C:\Users\fy\Desktop> mysqld --console
2022-02-21T11:16:39.222326Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] C:\Users\fy\scoop\apps\mysql\current\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.28) starting as process 12064
2022-02-21T11:16:39.252727Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-02-21T11:16:39.498091Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-02-21T11:16:39.748124Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-02-21T11:16:39.748516Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2022-02-21T11:16:39.793608Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060
2022-02-21T11:16:39.793999Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] C:\Users\fy\scoop\apps\mysql\current\bin\mysqld.exe: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.28'  socket: ''  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

2、再打开一个命令行窗口（无需输入密码）

PS C:\Users\fy\Desktop> mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

2 Linux

Generic Binaries

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/binary-installation.html

Ubuntu

rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ sudo apt install mysql-server

rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ systemctl start mysql

rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf 
[sudo] rorschach 的密码：      
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = M3arusCdWI1TXaYl
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = M3arusCdWI1TXaYl
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ sudo mysql -uroot -pM3arusCdWI1TXaYl
...省略若干字...

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '***';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

deepin v20

官方安装教程

1. 先下载对应的压缩包，deepin是基于debian的，按如图选择，下载下面两个东西
   

2. 依次执行下列命令即可

首先解压下载好的压缩包
$ tar -xvf mysql-server_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
$ sudo apt-get install libaio1
$ sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_*.deb

$ sudo apt install libmecab2
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb
进入解压缩的目录，安装mysql-community-server-core和mysql-community-client-core
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server-core***.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-core***.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-{common,community-client,client,community-server,server}_*.deb

mysql-{common,community-client,client,community-server,server}_*.deb依赖于包mysql-community-server-core和mysql-community-client-core；

而mysql-community-server-core又依赖libmecab2, mysql-community-client-core又依赖mysql-community-client-plugin；

或者如下安装：

首先解压下载好的压缩包
$ tar -xvf mysql-server_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
$ sudo apt-get install libaio1
$ sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_*.deb

$ sudo apt install libmecab2
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-{common,community-client,community-client-core,client,community-server-core,community-server,server}_*.deb

centos7

参考链接：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1965230

1、首先添加mysql的yum源，打开链接https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/，选择合适的源，由于我用的是centos7，因此这里选择

将此文件下载到本地并安装

[fy@localhost ~]$ wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-6.noarch.rpm
[fy@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-6.noarch.rpm

2、安装mysql

# 不添加参数 --nogpgcheck 可能会由于密钥问题报错。或者参考链接 
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/checking-gpg-signature.html 添加对应的公钥进行安装
[fy@localhost ~]$ sudo yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

# 启动mysqld守护进程
[fy@localhost ~]$ sudo systemctl start mysqld

# 获取mysql的初始密码
[fy@localhost ~]$ sudo grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-05-19T10:29:42.290212Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: saZ.PepqQ0gg

# 使用初始密码登录mysql
[fy@localhost ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
...

# 修改mysql密码。新密码设置不能过于简单，否则报错，这是由于mysql策略决定的
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abC111#666';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

#再次登录即可使用新密码
[fy@localhost ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

3、修改mysql策略，允许设置简单密码

mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password.dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password.length             | 8      |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password.number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password.policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# validate_password.length 合法的密码长度
# validate_password.policy 密码策略

mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password.length=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 再次修改密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '111111';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

debian11

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-debian.html

mariadb

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/set-password/#authentication-plugin-support
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/authentication-from-mariadb-104/

https://blog.csdn.net/tiny_du/article/details/123924376

$ sudo apt install mariadb-server

#刚安装完毕默认密码为空，不使用密码即可登录
$ sudo mysql
...

# 设置登录时强制使用密码
MariaDB [mysql]> ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED VIA mysql_native_password USING PASSWORD("fanyi");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.009 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> quit
Bye

$ sudo systemctl restart myql
$ sudo mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

mysql 8

Oracle源安装

1、安装教程
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-apt-repo-quick-guide/en/

2、设置教程
Mysql8.0默认加密连接方式修改

#初始安装完成后默认没有密码，可使用如下方式登录
$ sudo mysql -u root

#查看密码策略
#mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
mysql> select user,plugin from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------------------+
| user             | plugin                |
+------------------+-----------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| root             | auth_socket           |
+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

#设置密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'fanyi';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select user,plugin from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------------------+
| user             | plugin                |
+------------------+-----------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| root             | mysql_native_password |
+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

国内源安装

https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/help/mysql/
添加源之后

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install mysql-server

linux系统彻底卸载mysql/mariadb

#sudo apt purge mariadb
$ sudo apt purge mysql-server

#dpkg -l | grep mariadb
$ dpkg -l | grep mysql
ii  mysql-apt-config                       0.8.24-1                               all          Auto configuration for MySQL APT Repo.
ii  mysql-client                           8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        MySQL Client meta package depending on latest version
ii  mysql-common                           8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        Common files shared between packages
ii  mysql-community-client                 8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        MySQL Client
ii  mysql-community-client-core            8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        MySQL Client Core Binaries
ii  mysql-community-client-plugins         8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        MySQL Client plugin
ii  mysql-community-server                 8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        MySQL Server
ii  mysql-community-server-core            8.0.32-1debian11                       amd64        MySQL Server Core Binaires
ii  python3-pymysql                        0.9.3-2                                all          Pure-Python MySQL Driver - Python 3.x
#将输出列表第二列所有软件按名字卸载即可

$ sudo apt purge mysql-apt-config mysql-client mysql-common mysql-community-client mysql-community-client-core mysql-community-client-plugins mysql-community-server mysql-community-server-core python3-pymysql

$ sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt autoclean