设计模式 - 构建器模式 ( Builder )

定义

• 分离复杂对象的构建和表示
• 同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示
• 无需记忆, 自然使用

举个地形构建器的例子:

//地形构建器
public interface TerrainBuilder {
    TerrainBuilder buildWall(); // build墙
    TerrainBuilder buildFort(); // build暗堡
    TerrainBuilder buildMine(); // build地雷
    Terrain build();
}

3个buildXXX的方法, 返回值都是TerrainBuilder, 为了方便链式调用

public class ComplexTerrainBuilder implements TerrainBuilder {
    Terrain terrain = new Terrain();

    @Override
    public TerrainBuilder buildWall() {
        terrain.w = new Wall(10, 10, 50, 50);
        return this; // 链式调用
    }

    @Override
    public TerrainBuilder buildFort() {
        terrain.f = new Fort(10, 10, 50, 50);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public TerrainBuilder buildMine() {
        terrain.m = new Mine(10, 10, 50, 50);
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public Terrain build() {
        return terrain;
    }
}

Main.java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TerrainBuilder builder = new ComplexTerrainBuilder();
        Terrain t = builder.buildFort().buildMine().buildWall().build(); // 链式调用
    }
}

你可以有多种不同的Builder, 重要的是, 构建对象的逻辑, 被分离了出来

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适用场景

当构建一个对象时, 参数特别多的时候, 适合用这个模式

再来看一个例子:

public class Person {
    // 基本类型和字符串
    int id;
    String name;
    int age;
    double weight;
    int score;
    
    // 也支持任意对象
    Location loc;

    private Person() {}

    public static class PersonBuilder {
        Person p = new Person();

        public PersonBuilder basicInfo(int id, String name, int age) {
            p.id = id;
            p.name = name;
            p.age = age;
            return this;
        }

        public PersonBuilder weight(double weight) {
            p.weight = weight;
            return this;
        }

        public PersonBuilder score(int score) {
            p.score = score;
            return this;
        }

        public PersonBuilder loc(String street, String roomNo) {
            p.loc = new Location(street, roomNo);
            return this;
        }

        public Person build() {
            return p;
        }
    }
}

class Location {
    String street;
    String roomNo;

    public Location(String street, String roomNo) {
        this.street = street;
        this.roomNo = roomNo;
    }
}