opencv(15) 基本图形绘制

本节涉及到的绘图函数有：

• 用于绘制直线的line函数；
• 用于绘制椭圆的ellipse函数：
• 用于绘制矩形的rectangle函数：
• 用于绘制圆的circle函数：
• 用于绘制填充的多边形的fillPoly函数。

让我们通过一个程序实例的学习来掌握OpenCV中各种绘制函数的用法。此程序的原型为OpenCV官方的示例程序，主要的脉络是定义了几个自定义的绘制函数，然后调用这些自定义的函数绘制出了两幅图一一一幅化学原子示例图和一幅组合图。

在此，我们主要分析一下程序中的4个自定义函数的写法和用意。

需要注意，程序的文件开头有如下的宏定义：

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

1. DrawEllipse()函数的写法

void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle){
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	ellipse(img,
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),
		Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
		angle,
		0,
		360,
		Scalar(255, 129, 0),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

函数DrawEIIipse调用了OpenCV中的ellipse函数，将椭圆画到图像img上，椭圆中心为点(WINDOW_WIDTH/2.0,WINDOW_WIDTH/2.0)，并且大小位于矩形(WINDOW_WIDTH/4.0,WINDOW_WIDTH/16.0）内。椭圆旋转角度为angle,扩展的弧度从0度到360度。图形颜色为scalar（255，129，0）代表的蓝色，线宽(thickness)为2，线型(IineType)为8（8联通线型)。

2. DrawFilledCircle()函数的写法

void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center){
	int thickness = -1;
	int lineType = 8;
	circle(img,
		center,
		WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,
		Scalar(0, 0, 255),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

此函数的写法解析如下。

函数DrawFilledCircle()调用了OpenCV中的circle()函数，将圆画到图像img上，圆心由点center定义，元的半径为WINDOW_WIDTH/32,元的颜色为Scalar(0,0,255)，按BGR的格式为红色，线粗定义为thickness=-1,因此绘制的圆是实心的。

3. DrawPolygon()函数的写法

void DrawPolygon(Mat img){
	int lineType = 8;

	//创建一些点
	Point rookPoints[1][20];
	rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][15] = Point( WINDOW_WIDTH / 4,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][16] = Point( WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][19] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);

	const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
	int npt[] = { 20 };

	fillPoly(img,
		ppt,
		npt,
		1,
		Scalar(255, 255, 255),
		lineType);
}

函数DrawPolygon()调用了OpenCV中的fillPoly函数，用于将多边形画到图像img上，其中多边形的顶点集为ppt，要绘制的多边形顶点数目为npt,要绘制的多边形数量仅为1，多边形的颜色定义为Scalar(255,255,255)。

4.DrawLine()函数的写法

void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end){
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	line(img,
		start,
		end,
		Scalar(0, 0, 0),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

此函数调用了OpenCV中的line函数，用于在图像img上画一条从点start到end的直线段，显得颜色为Scalar(0,0,0)代表的为黑色，线的粗细thickness为2，且此线为8联通（lineType=8)。

5. main函数的写法

#include<opencv2\core\core.hpp>
#include<opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"
void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle){
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	ellipse(img,
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),
		Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
		angle,
		0,
		360,
		Scalar(255, 129, 0),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}
void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center){
	int thickness = -1;
	int lineType = 8;
	circle(img,
		center,
		WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,
		Scalar(0, 0, 255),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}
void DrawPolygon(Mat img){
	int lineType = 8;

	//创建一些点
	Point rookPoints[1][20];
	rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
	rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][15] = Point( WINDOW_WIDTH / 4,  WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][16] = Point( WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
	rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
	rookPoints[0][19] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);

	const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
	int npt[] = { 20 };

	fillPoly(img,
		ppt,
		npt,
		1,
		Scalar(255, 255, 255),
		lineType);
}
void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end){
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	line(img,
		start,
		end,
		Scalar(0, 0, 0),
		thickness,
		lineType);
}
int main(){
	//创建空白的Mat图像
	Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
	Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);

	//绘制椭圆
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);

	//绘制圆心
	DrawFilledCircle(atomImage,Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/2,WINDOW_WIDTH/2));
	
	//绘制椭圆
	DrawPolygon(rookImage);

	//绘制矩形
	rectangle(rookImage,
		Point(0, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
		Scalar(0, 255, 255),
		-1,
		8);

	//绘制一些线段
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/2,WINDOW_WIDTH));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));

	//显示图像
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);
	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);
	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);

	waitKey(0);
	return (0);
}