SVM-人脸识别

#from future import print_function #__future__模块，把下一个新版本的特性导入到当前版本，于是我们就可以在当前版本中测试一些新版本的特性
#我的Python版本是3.6.4.所以不需要这个

from time import time #对程序运行时间计时用的
import logging #打印程序进展日志用的
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #绘图用的

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_lfw_people
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.svm import SVC

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format=’%(asctime)s %(message)s’)
lfw_people=fetch_lfw_people(min_faces_per_person=70,resize=0.4) #名人的人脸数据集、

n_samples,h,w=lfw_people.images.shape #多少个实例，h,w高度，宽度值

X=lfw_people.data #特征向量矩阵
n_feature=X.shape[1]#每个人有多少个特征值

Y=lfw_people.target
target_names=lfw_people.target_names
n_classes=target_names.shape[0] #多少类
print(“Total dataset size”)
print(“n_samples:”,n_samples)
print(“n_feature:”,n_feature)
print(“n_classes:”,n_classes)

X_train,X_test,Y_train,Y_test=train_test_split(X,Y,test_size=0.25) #选取0.25的测试集

#降维
n_components=150 #PCA算法中所要保留的主成分个数n，也即保留下来的特征个数n
print(“Extracting the top %d eigenfaces from %d faces” % (n_components,X_train.shape[0]))
t0=time()
pca=PCA(svd_solver=‘randomized’,n_components=n_components,whiten=True).fit(X_train)#训练一个pca模型

print(“Train PCA in %0.3fs” % (time()-t0))

eigenfaces = pca.components_.reshape((n_components,h,w)) #提取出来特征值之后的矩阵

print(“Prijecting the input data on the eigenfaces orthonarmal basis”)
t0=time()
X_train_pca = pca.transform(X_train) #将训练集与测试集降维
X_test_pca = pca.transform(X_test)
print(“Done PCA in %0.3fs” % (time()-t0))

#终于到SVM训练了
print(“Fiting the classifier to the training set”)
t0=time()
param_grid ={‘C’:[1e3,5e3,1e4,5e4,1e5],#C是对错误的惩罚
‘gamma’:[0.0001,0.0005,0.001,0.005,0.01,0.1],}#gamma核函数里多少个特征点会被使用}#对参数尝试不同的值
clf = GridSearchCV(SVC(kernel=‘rbf’),param_grid)
clf=clf.fit(X_train_pca,Y_train)

print(“Done Fiting in %0.3fs” % (time()-t0))

print(“Best estimotor found by grid search:”)
print(clf.best_estimator_)

print(“Predicting people’s names on the test set”)
t0=time()
Y_pred = clf.predict(X_test_pca)
print(“done Predicting in %0.3fs” % (time()-t0))

print(classification_report(Y_test,Y_pred,target_names=target_names)) #生成一个小报告呀
print(confusion_matrix(Y_test,Y_pred,labels=range(n_classes)))#这个也是，生成的矩阵的意思是有多少个被分为此类。

#把分类完的图画出来12个。

#这个函数就是画图的
def plot_gallery(images,titles,h,w,n_row=3,n_col=4):
plt.figure(figsize=(1.8n_col,2.4n_row))
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0,left=.01,right=.99,top=.90,hspace=.35)
for i in range(n_row*n_col):
plt.subplot(n_row,n_col,i+1)
plt.imshow(images[i].reshape((h,w)),cmap=plt.cm.gray)
plt.title(titles[i],size=12)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())

#这个函数是生成一个固定格式的字符串的
def title(y_pred,y_test,target_names,i):
pred_name=target_names[y_pred[i]].rsplit(’ ‘,1)[-1]
true_name = target_names[y_test[i]].rsplit(’ ', 1)[-1]
return “predicted: %s\n true: %s” %(pred_name,true_name)

predicted_titles=[title(Y_pred,Y_test,target_names,i) for i in range(Y_pred.shape[0])] #这个for循环的用法很简介

plot_gallery(X_test,predicted_titles,h,w)

eigenfaces_titles=["eigenface %d " % i for i in range(eigenfaces.shape[0])]
plot_gallery(eigenfaces,eigenfaces_titles,h,w)

plt.show()

注意：观察PCA的使用，还有SVM的使用

参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/albert-yzp/p/9525162.html