C++代码编程学习：泛型编程风格——iterator学习二（Essential C++ 第三章）

C++中泛型编程风格——iterator学习，挺有难度，概念很抽象，这里主要把一些知识点和习题给过一遍！

一、前言

  C++中泛型编程风格——iterator学习（Essential C++ 第三章）。

二、例题

-P222 练习 3.3
  定义一个 map,以家庭姓氏为 key,value 则是家庭所有小孩的名字。令此 map 至少容纳六笔数据。允许用户根据姓氏来查询，并得以打印map内的每一笔数据。

typedef vector<string> vstring;
map<string, vstring> families;

void populate_map(ifstream& nameFile, map<string, vstring>& families)
{
	string textline;

	// 一行一行地读出来
	while (getline(nameFile,textline))
	{
		string fam_name;
		vector<string> child;
		string::size_type pos = 0, prev_pos = 0, text_size = textline.size();

		// 非常棒的循环
		while ((pos = textline.find_first_of(' ', pos)) != string::npos)
		{
			// 获取每一个字符串的长度
			string::size_type end_pos = pos - prev_pos;

			// 这里面的 substr 太棒了
			if (!prev_pos)
			{
				fam_name = textline.substr(prev_pos, end_pos);
			}
			else
			{
				child.push_back(textline.substr(prev_pos, end_pos));
			}
			prev_pos = ++pos;
		}

		// 剩下的字符串
		if (prev_pos < text_size)
		{
			child.push_back(textline.substr(prev_pos, pos - prev_pos));
		}

		if (!families.count(fam_name))
		{
			families[fam_name] = child;
		}
		else
		{
			cerr << "Oops! We already habe a " << fam_name << "family in our map!\n";
		}
	}
}


void display_map(const map<string, vstring>& families, ostream& os)
{
	map<string, vstring>::const_iterator it = families.begin(), end_it = families.end();

	while (it != end_it)
	{
		os << "The " << it->first << " family";
		if (it->second.empty())
		{
			os << "has no children.\n";
		}
		else
		{
			os << "has" << it->second.size() << " children: ";
			vector<string>::const_iterator iter = it->second.begin(), end_iter = it->second.end();
			while (iter != end_iter)
			{
				os << *iter << " ";
				++iter;
			}
			os << endl;
		}
		++it;
	}
}


void query_map(const string& family, const map<string, vstring>& families)
{
	map<string, vstring>::const_iterator it = families.find(family);

	if (it == families.end())
	{
		cout << "No family in our map.";
		return;
	}

	cout << "The " << family;
	if (!it->second.size())
	{
		cout << "has no children.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "has" << it->second.size() << " children: ";
		vector<string>::const_iterator iter = it->second.begin(), end_iter = it->second.end();
		while (iter != end_iter)
		{
			cout << *iter << " ";
			++iter;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}

}


int main() 
{

	map<string, vstring> families;
	ifstream nameFile("C:\\Users\\13660\\Desktop\\families.txt");

	if (!nameFile)
	{
		cerr << "No essential file exist.";
		return -1;
	}

	populate_map(nameFile, families);

	string family_name;
	while (1)
	{
		cout << "Please enter a family name or 'q' to quit ";
		cin >> family_name;

		if (family_name == "q")
		{
			break;
		}
		query_map(family_name, families);
	}

	display_map(families, cout);

}

• 这道题太赞了，里面substr()函数的使用以及conster_iterator的使用都让我觉着非常的美丽，而且这种编码风格越看越舒服，非常值得多刷多记多体会！！！

代码是在 visual studio 中编写的，该软件还是比较好用的，我安装的是2022专业版；

 共勉！