字符驱动开发之韦东山视频学习2——总线设备驱动模型

dev指定资源driver做和驱动相关的事情

设备和驱动程序是怎么匹配起来的：

两个结构体比较，匹配的话就会调用probe函数

int __init_or_module __platform_driver_probe(struct platform_driver *drv,
		int (*probe)(struct platform_device *), struct module *module)
{
	int retval, code;

	if (drv->driver.probe_type == PROBE_PREFER_ASYNCHRONOUS) {
		pr_err("%s: drivers registered with %s can not be probed asynchronously\n",
			 drv->driver.name, __func__);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * We have to run our probes synchronously because we check if
	 * we find any devices to bind to and exit with error if there
	 * are any.
	 */
	drv->driver.probe_type = PROBE_FORCE_SYNCHRONOUS;

	/*
	 * Prevent driver from requesting probe deferral to avoid further
	 * futile probe attempts.
	 */
	drv->prevent_deferred_probe = true;

	/* make sure driver won't have bind/unbind attributes */
	drv->driver.suppress_bind_attrs = true;

	/* temporary section violation during probe() */
	drv->probe = probe;
	retval = code = __platform_driver_register(drv, module);

	/*
	 * Fixup that section violation, being paranoid about code scanning
	 * the list of drivers in order to probe new devices.  Check to see
	 * if the probe was successful, and make sure any forced probes of
	 * new devices fail.
	 */
	spin_lock(&drv->driver.bus->p->klist_drivers.k_lock);
	drv->probe = NULL;
	if (code == 0 && list_empty(&drv->driver.p->klist_devices.k_list))
		retval = -ENODEV;
	drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe_fail;
	spin_unlock(&drv->driver.bus->p->klist_drivers.k_lock);

	if (code != retval)
		platform_driver_unregister(drv);
	return retval;
}

 

 

/*
 *  Copyright (C) 2005 Russell King.
 *  Data taken from include/asm-i386/serial.h
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/serial_8250.h>

#include "8250.h"

static struct plat_serial8250_port boca_data[] = {
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x100, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x108, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x110, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x118, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x120, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x128, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x130, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x138, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x140, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x148, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x150, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x158, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x160, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x168, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x170, 12),
	SERIAL8250_PORT(0x178, 12),
	{ },
};

static struct platform_device boca_device = {
	.name			= "serial8250",
	.id			= PLAT8250_DEV_BOCA,
	.dev			= {
		.platform_data	= boca_data,
	},
};

static int __init boca_init(void)
{
	return platform_device_register(&boca_device);
}

module_init(boca_init);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Russell King");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("8250 serial probe module for Boca cards");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

（1）上面这个驱动设备里面就是注册结构体 分配名字

search一下，我们去找驱动程序drv

随便打开一个

 

这里面第一步注册platform_driver

在其中的probe函数里，分配设置注册file_operation机构体

并从platform_device中确实所用硬件资源名字

指定platform_driver的名字

总结重复一下：

device里面写好我调用了哪些资源

driver里又干了什么？

这里面第一步注册platform_driver

在其中的probe函数里，分配设置注册file_operation机构体

并从platform_device中确实所用硬件资源名字

指定platform_driver的名字

 

最后调用我自己的这个probe函数干什么了呢？打开一个看一眼。看样子这个是把底层的接口传递给上层，这个平台probe里面可以做任何事情，记住这不是最底层的probe。

static int serial8250_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
	struct plat_serial8250_port *p = dev_get_platdata(&dev->dev);
	struct uart_8250_port uart;
	int ret, i, irqflag = 0;

	memset(&uart, 0, sizeof(uart));

	if (share_irqs)
		irqflag = IRQF_SHARED;

	for (i = 0; p && p->flags != 0; p++, i++) {
		uart.port.iobase	= p->iobase;
		uart.port.membase	= p->membase;
		uart.port.irq		= p->irq;
		uart.port.irqflags	= p->irqflags;
		uart.port.uartclk	= p->uartclk;
		uart.port.regshift	= p->regshift;
		uart.port.iotype	= p->iotype;
		uart.port.flags		= p->flags;
		uart.port.mapbase	= p->mapbase;
		uart.port.hub6		= p->hub6;
		uart.port.private_data	= p->private_data;
		uart.port.type		= p->type;
		uart.port.serial_in	= p->serial_in;
		uart.port.serial_out	= p->serial_out;
		uart.port.handle_irq	= p->handle_irq;
		uart.port.handle_break	= p->handle_break;
		uart.port.set_termios	= p->set_termios;
		uart.port.get_mctrl	= p->get_mctrl;
		uart.port.pm		= p->pm;
		uart.port.dev		= &dev->dev;
		uart.port.irqflags	|= irqflag;
		ret = serial8250_register_8250_port(&uart);
		if (ret < 0) {
			dev_err(&dev->dev, "unable to register port at index %d "
				"(IO%lx MEM%llx IRQ%d): %d\n", i,
				p->iobase, (unsigned long long)p->mapbase,
				p->irq, ret);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

platform_match函数的作用

static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
	struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
	struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);

	/* When driver_override is set, only bind to the matching driver */
	if (pdev->driver_override)
		return !strcmp(pdev->driver_override, drv->name);

	/* Attempt an OF style match first */
	if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
		return 1;

	/* Then try ACPI style match */
	if (acpi_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
		return 1;

	/* Then try to match against the id table */
	if (pdrv->id_table)
		return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;

	/* fall-back to driver name match */
	return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
}

我不管是注册一个dev还是注册一个dri都要放到链表里面一一比较，函数调用关系：

实际代码体现：

 进入platform_device_add

int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	int i, ret;

	if (!pdev)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!pdev->dev.parent)
		pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;

	pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;

	switch (pdev->id) {
	default:
		dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name,  pdev->id);
		break;
	case PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE:
		dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s", pdev->name);
		break;
	case PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO:
		/*
		 * Automatically allocated device ID. We mark it as such so
		 * that we remember it must be freed, and we append a suffix
		 * to avoid namespace collision with explicit IDs.
		 */
		ret = ida_simple_get(&platform_devid_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto err_out;
		pdev->id = ret;
		pdev->id_auto = true;
		dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d.auto", pdev->name, pdev->id);
		break;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
		struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];

		if (r->name == NULL)
			r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);

		p = r->parent;
		if (!p) {
			if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM)
				p = &iomem_resource;
			else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)
				p = &ioport_resource;
		}

		if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
			dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to claim resource %d\n", i);
			ret = -EBUSY;
			goto failed;
		}
	}

	pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",
		 dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));

	ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
	if (ret == 0)
		return ret;

 failed:
	if (pdev->id_auto) {
		ida_simple_remove(&platform_devid_ida, pdev->id);
		pdev->id = PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO;
	}

	while (--i >= 0) {
		struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
		if (r->parent)
			release_resource(r);
	}

 err_out:
	return ret;
}

ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);

bus_probe_device(dev);

device_add

int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
	struct device *parent = NULL;
	struct kobject *kobj;
	struct class_interface *class_intf;
	int error = -EINVAL;
	struct kobject *glue_dir = NULL;

	dev = get_device(dev);
	if (!dev)
		goto done;

	if (!dev->p) {
		error = device_private_init(dev);
		if (error)
			goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * for statically allocated devices, which should all be converted
	 * some day, we need to initialize the name. We prevent reading back
	 * the name, and force the use of dev_name()
	 */
	if (dev->init_name) {
		dev_set_name(dev, "%s", dev->init_name);
		dev->init_name = NULL;
	}

	/* subsystems can specify simple device enumeration */
	if (!dev_name(dev) && dev->bus && dev->bus->dev_name)
		dev_set_name(dev, "%s%u", dev->bus->dev_name, dev->id);

	if (!dev_name(dev)) {
		error = -EINVAL;
		goto name_error;
	}

	pr_debug("device: '%s': %s\n", dev_name(dev), __func__);

	parent = get_device(dev->parent);
	kobj = get_device_parent(dev, parent);
	if (kobj)
		dev->kobj.parent = kobj;

	/* use parent numa_node */
	if (parent && (dev_to_node(dev) == NUMA_NO_NODE))
		set_dev_node(dev, dev_to_node(parent));

	/* first, register with generic layer. */
	/* we require the name to be set before, and pass NULL */
	error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj, dev->kobj.parent, NULL);
	if (error) {
		glue_dir = get_glue_dir(dev);
		goto Error;
	}

	/* notify platform of device entry */
	if (platform_notify)
		platform_notify(dev);

	error = device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);
	if (error)
		goto attrError;

	error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);
	if (error)
		goto SymlinkError;
	error = device_add_attrs(dev);
	if (error)
		goto AttrsError;
	error = bus_add_device(dev);
	if (error)
		goto BusError;
	error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev);
	if (error)
		goto DPMError;
	device_pm_add(dev);

	if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
		error = device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_dev);
		if (error)
			goto DevAttrError;

		error = device_create_sys_dev_entry(dev);
		if (error)
			goto SysEntryError;

		devtmpfs_create_node(dev);
	}

	/* Notify clients of device addition.  This call must come
	 * after dpm_sysfs_add() and before kobject_uevent().
	 */
	if (dev->bus)
		blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
					     BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);

	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
	bus_probe_device(dev);
	if (parent)
		klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_parent,
			       &parent->p->klist_children);

	if (dev->class) {
		mutex_lock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
		/* tie the class to the device */
		klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_class,
			       &dev->class->p->klist_devices);

		/* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
		list_for_each_entry(class_intf,
				    &dev->class->p->interfaces, node)
			if (class_intf->add_dev)
				class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
		mutex_unlock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
	}
done:
	put_device(dev);
	return error;
 SysEntryError:
	if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
		device_remove_file(dev, &dev_attr_dev);
 DevAttrError:
	device_pm_remove(dev);
	dpm_sysfs_remove(dev);
 DPMError:
	bus_remove_device(dev);
 BusError:
	device_remove_attrs(dev);
 AttrsError:
	device_remove_class_symlinks(dev);
 SymlinkError:
	device_remove_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);
 attrError:
	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
	glue_dir = get_glue_dir(dev);
	kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
 Error:
	cleanup_glue_dir(dev, glue_dir);
	put_device(parent);
name_error:
	kfree(dev->p);
	dev->p = NULL;
	goto done;
}

bus_add_device

把设备放到总线里面，也就是把设备放到某个链表

klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);

int bus_add_device(struct device *dev)
{
	struct bus_type *bus = bus_get(dev->bus);
	int error = 0;

	if (bus) {
		pr_debug("bus: '%s': add device %s\n", bus->name, dev_name(dev));
		error = device_add_attrs(bus, dev);
		if (error)
			goto out_put;
		error = device_add_groups(dev, bus->dev_groups);
		if (error)
			goto out_id;
		error = sysfs_create_link(&bus->p->devices_kset->kobj,
						&dev->kobj, dev_name(dev));
		if (error)
			goto out_groups;
		error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj,
				&dev->bus->p->subsys.kobj, "subsystem");
		if (error)
			goto out_subsys;
		klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);
	}
	return 0;

out_subsys:
	sysfs_remove_link(&bus->p->devices_kset->kobj, dev_name(dev));
out_groups:
	device_remove_groups(dev, bus->dev_groups);
out_id:
	device_remove_attrs(bus, dev);
out_put:
	bus_put(dev->bus);
	return error;
}

bus_probe_device(dev);这个里面会调用

device_initial_probe(dev);设备初始

void bus_probe_device(struct device *dev)
{
	struct bus_type *bus = dev->bus;
	struct subsys_interface *sif;

	if (!bus)
		return;

	if (bus->p->drivers_autoprobe)
		device_initial_probe(dev);

	mutex_lock(&bus->p->mutex);
	list_for_each_entry(sif, &bus->p->interfaces, node)
		if (sif->add_dev)
			sif->add_dev(dev, sif);
	mutex_unlock(&bus->p->mutex);
}

里面又会调用设备附加

void device_initial_probe(struct device *dev)
{
	__device_attach(dev, true);
}

继续往下ret = bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data,
                    __device_attach_driver);对于总线上面的每一个drv

static int __device_attach(struct device *dev, bool allow_async)
{
	int ret = 0;

	device_lock(dev);
	if (dev->driver) {
		if (device_is_bound(dev)) {
			ret = 1;
			goto out_unlock;
		}
		ret = device_bind_driver(dev);
		if (ret == 0)
			ret = 1;
		else {
			dev->driver = NULL;
			ret = 0;
		}
	} else {
		struct device_attach_data data = {
			.dev = dev,
			.check_async = allow_async,
			.want_async = false,
		};

		if (dev->parent)
			pm_runtime_get_sync(dev->parent);

		ret = bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, &data,
					__device_attach_driver);
		if (!ret && allow_async && data.have_async) {
			/*
			 * If we could not find appropriate driver
			 * synchronously and we are allowed to do
			 * async probes and there are drivers that
			 * want to probe asynchronously, we'll
			 * try them.
			 */
			dev_dbg(dev, "scheduling asynchronous probe\n");
			get_device(dev);
			async_schedule(__device_attach_async_helper, dev);
		} else {
			pm_request_idle(dev);
		}

		if (dev->parent)
			pm_runtime_put(dev->parent);
	}

这个函数里面__device_attach_driver

ret = driver_match_device(drv, dev);这里就是判断这个dev和drv是不是匹配，这里会调用总线提供的match函数

static int __device_attach_driver(struct device_driver *drv, void *_data)
{
	struct device_attach_data *data = _data;
	struct device *dev = data->dev;
	bool async_allowed;
	int ret;

	/*
	 * Check if device has already been claimed. This may
	 * happen with driver loading, device discovery/registration,
	 * and deferred probe processing happens all at once with
	 * multiple threads.
	 */
	if (dev->driver)
		return -EBUSY;

	ret = driver_match_device(drv, dev);
	if (ret == 0) {
		/* no match */
		return 0;
	} else if (ret == -EPROBE_DEFER) {
		dev_dbg(dev, "Device match requests probe deferral\n");
		driver_deferred_probe_add(dev);
	} else if (ret < 0) {
		dev_dbg(dev, "Bus failed to match device: %d", ret);
		return ret;
	} /* ret > 0 means positive match */

	async_allowed = driver_allows_async_probing(drv);

	if (async_allowed)
		data->have_async = true;

	if (data->check_async && async_allowed != data->want_async)
		return 0;

	return driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
}

匹配然后往下走调用
    return driver_probe_device(drv, dev);

probe函数里面就是正真的枚举

int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
{
	int ret = 0;

	if (!device_is_registered(dev))
		return -ENODEV;

	pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
		 drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);

	if (dev->parent)
		pm_runtime_get_sync(dev->parent);

	pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
	ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
	pm_request_idle(dev);

	if (dev->parent)
		pm_runtime_put(dev->parent);

	return ret;
}

整个注册dev的过程就是这样