知识回顾:
JavaWeb之Java基础知识增强
JavaWeb之JDBC
JavaWeb之数据库连接池
JavaWeb之HTML&CSS
JavaWeb之JavaScript
JavaWeb之Bootstrap
JavaWeb之XML
JavaWeb之web服务器软件
JavaWeb之Servlet
文章目录
1.概念
- HTTP:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
- 传输协议:定义了,客户端和服务器端通信时,发送数据的格式
- 特点:
- 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
- 默认端口号:80
- 基于请求/响应模型的:一次请求对应一次响应
- 无状态的:每次请求之间相互独立,不能交互数据
- 历史版本:
- 1.0:每一次请求响应都会建立新的连接
- 1.1:复用连接
2.请求消息:客户端发送给服务器端的数据
POST /login.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/login.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
username=zhangsan
(1)请求行
请求方式 | 请求url | 请求协议/版本 |
---|---|---|
GET | /login.html | HTTP/1.1 |
- 请求方式:HTTP协议有7中请求方式,常用的有2种
- GET
- 请求参数在请求行中,在url后。
- 请求的url长度有限制的
- 不太安全
- POST
- 请求参数在请求体中
- 请求的url长度没有限制的
- 相对安全
- GET
(2)请求头:客户端浏览器告诉服务器一些信息
请求头名称: 请求头值
- 常见的请求头:
- User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
- 可以在服务器端获取该头的信息,解决浏览器的兼容性问题(不同的浏览器解析资源后可能显示不一样的效果,需要兼容性解决)
- Referer:http://localhost/login.html
- 告诉服务器,我(当前请求)从哪里来?
- 作用:
- 防盗链
- 统计工作
- User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
(3)请求空行
- 空行,就是用于分割POST请求的请求头,和请求体的。
(4)请求体(正文):
- 封装POST请求消息的请求参数的
3.Request
(1)request对象和response对象的原理
- request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
- request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
(2)request对象继承体系结构
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
(3)request功能
1)获取请求消息数据
- GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
- 方法:
- 获取请求方式 :GET,使用
String getMethod()
- 获取虚拟目录:/day14,使用
String getContextPath()
- 获取Servlet路径: /demo1,使用
String getServletPath()
- 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan,使用
String getQueryString()
- 获取请求URI:/day14/demo1,使用
String getRequestURI()
: /day14/demo1StringBuffer getRequestURL()
: http://localhost/day14/demo1- URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1
- URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1
- 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1,使用
String getProtocol()
- 获取客户机的IP地址,使用
String getRemoteAddr()
- 获取请求方式 :GET,使用
package com.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
*
* 演示request对象方法的使用
*
*/
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求方式 :GET,使用String getMethod()
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//获取虚拟目录:/day14,使用String getContextPath()
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
//获取Servlet路径: /demo1,使用String getServletPath()
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
//获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan,使用String getQueryString()
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
//获取请求URI:/day14/demo1,使用
//String getRequestURI() : /day14_war_exploded/requestServletDemo1
//StringBuffer getRequestURL() : http://localhost:8080/day14_war_exploded/requestServletDemo1
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURI);
System.out.println(requestURL);
//获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1,使用String getProtocol()
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
//获取客户机的IP地址,使用String getRemoteAddr()
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
}
2)获取请求头数据
- String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
- Enumeration getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//Enumeration getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
//遍历
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name + ":" + value);
}
}
}
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
String header = request.getHeader("user-agent");
if(header.contains("Chrome")){
System.out.println("通过谷歌浏览器访问。。。");
}else if(header.contains("Firefox")){
System.out.println("通过火狐浏览器访问。。。");
}else{
System.out.println("通过其他浏览器访问。。。");
}
}
}
3)获取请求体数据
- 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
- 步骤:
- 获取流对象
BufferedReader getReader()
:获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据ServletInputStream getInputStream()
:获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
- 再从流对象中拿数据
- 获取流对象
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo5")
public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取流对象
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
String line = null;
//2.再从流对象中拿数据
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day14_war_exploded/requestServletDemo5" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"/><br/>
<input type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
4)其他功能
获取请求参数通用方式
- 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
String getParameter(String name)
:根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123String[] getParameterValues(String name)
:根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=gameEnumeration<String> getParameterNames()
:获取所有请求的参数名称Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap()
:获取所有参数的map集合- 中文乱码问题:
- get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
- post方式:会乱码
- 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
- 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo6")
public class ServletDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println("============================");
//2.String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String hobby : hobbies){
System.out.println(hobby);
}
System.out.println("============================");
//3.Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println("------------------------");
}
System.out.println("============================");
//4.Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
Set<String> keySet = parameterMap.keySet();
for(String key : keySet){
String[] values = parameterMap.get(key);
for (String value : values){
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("************************");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day14_war_exploded/requestServletDemo6" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"/><br/>
<input type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"/><br/>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习<br/>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
中文乱码问题解决方式:
package com.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo7")
public class ServletDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码,需要设置流的字符编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//这个编码要和页面的编码保持一致
//1.String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
请求转发
- 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
- 步骤:
- 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:
RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
- 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:
forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
- 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:
- 特点:
- 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
- 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
- 转发是一次请求
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo8")
public class ServletDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo8被访问。。。。。。");
//请求转发
request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestServletDemo9").forward(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo9")
public class ServletDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo9被访问。。。。。。");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
共享数据
- 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
- request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
- 方法:
void setAttribute(String name,Object obj)
:存储数据bject getAttitude(String name)
:通过键获取值void removeAttribute(String name)
:通过键移除键值对
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo8")
public class ServletDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo8被访问。。。。。。");
//设置共享数据
request.setAttribute("msg", "hello");
//请求转发
request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestServletDemo9").forward(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo9")
public class ServletDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取共享的数据
Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
System.out.println("demo9被访问。。。。。。");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
获取ServletContext(现在只是获取该对象,后面会具体讲解)
ServletContext getServletContext()
@WebServlet("/requestServletDemo10")
public class ServletDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);//org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@22369334
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通常在开发过程只实现doPost()或doGet(),因为两个方法基本一样
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
4.案例:用户登录
(1)用户登录案例需求
- .编写login.html登录页面 username & password 两个输入框
- 使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
- 使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
- 登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
- 登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误
(2)分析
(3)开发步骤
- 1.创建项目,导入html页面,配置文件,jar包
druid.properties
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql:///day14
username=root
password=root
initialSize=5
maxActive=10
maxWait=3000
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
- 2.创建数据库环境
CREATE DATABASE day14;
USE day14;
CREATE TABLE `user`(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
`password` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(1,'superbaby','123456');
- 3.创建包com.weeks.domain,创建类User
package com.weeks.domain;
/**
*
* user实体类
*
*/
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "user{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 4.创建包com.weeks.util,编写工具类JDBCUtils
package com.weeks.util;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
*
* JDBCUtil工具类,连接druid
*/
public class JDBCUtil {
private static DataSource ds;
static {
//1.加载配置文件
Properties properties = new Properties();
InputStream is = JDBCUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
try {
properties.load(is);
//2.初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
};
/**
* 获取数据库连接池对象
* @return
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
}
- 5.创建包com.weeks.dao,创建类UserDao,提供login方法
package com.weeks.dao;
import com.weeks.domain.User;
import com.weeks.util.JDBCUtil;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
/**
*
* 操作数据库中User表的类
*/
public class UserDao {
//声明JDBCTemplate对象共用
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtil.getDataSource());
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
//1.编写sql
String sql = "select * from user where username=? and password=?";
//2.调用query方法
User user = template.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();//记录日志
return null;
}
}
}
- 6.编写com.weeks.web.servlet.LoginServlet类
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import com.weeks.dao.UserDao;
import com.weeks.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
//3.封装user对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);
//4.调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
User user = userDao.login(loginUser);
//5.判断user
if(user == null){
//登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(req, resp);
}else{
//登录成功
//存储数据
req.setAttribute("user", user);
//转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(req, resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
- 7.编写FailServlet和SuccessServlet类
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import com.weeks.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取request域中共享的user对象
User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user");
if(user != null){
//给页面写一句话
//设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录成功!" + user.getUsername() + ",欢迎您!");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//页面输出一句话
response.getWriter().write("登录失败!用户名或密码错误!");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 8.注意:配置好
login.html
中form
标签的action
属性,action="虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径"
<form action="/day14_example_war_exploded/loginServlet" method="post">
- 9.BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装,用于封装JavaBean的
- JavaBean:标准的Java类
- 要求:
- 类必须被public修饰
- 必须提供空参的构造器
- 成员变量必须使用private修饰
- 提供公共setter和getter方法
- 功能:封装数据
- 要求:
- 概念:
- 成员变量:如User中的username和password
- 属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物,例如:getUsername() --> Username–> username
- 方法:
- setProperty():例如
BeanUtils.setProperty(user, "username", "zhangshan");
- getProperty():例如
BeanUtils.getProperty(user, "username");
- populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中
- setProperty():例如
- JavaBean:标准的Java类
/**
* 使用BeanUtils工具类封装User对象
*/
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import com.weeks.dao.UserDao;
import com.weeks.domain.User;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.使用getParameterMap获取请求所有的参数
// String username = req.getParameter("username");
// String password = req.getParameter("password");
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
//3.使用BeanUtilsBean封装user对象
User loginUser = new User();
// loginUser.setUsername(username);
// loginUser.setPassword(password);
try {
BeanUtils.populate(loginUser, parameterMap);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//4.调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
User user = userDao.login(loginUser);
//5.判断user
if(user == null){
//登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(req, resp);
}else{
//登录成功
//存储数据
req.setAttribute("user", user);
//转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(req, resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
5.响应消息:服务器端发送给客户端的数据
(1)数据格式
- 响应行
- 响应头
- 响应空行
- 响应体
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 101
Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2018 07:08:42 GMT
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
hello , response
</body>
</html>
1)响应行
- 组成:协议/版本 响应状态码 状态码描述
协议/版本 | 响应状态码 | 状态码描述 |
---|---|---|
HTTP/1.1 | 200 | OK |
- 响应状态码:服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态。
- 状态码都是3位数字
- 分类:
- 1xx:服务器就收客户端消息,但没有接受完成,等待一段时间后,发送1xx状态码
- 2xx:成功。代表:200
- 3xx:重定向。代表:302(重定向,就是访问服务器中的A资源,A原资源说这事我办不了,但是告诉客户端可以去找C资源,然后客户端按照A资源给的提示去访问C资源,这就是重定向),304(访问缓存,客户端访问过服务器中的a资源并将a资源保存到本地进行缓存,当再次访问a资源时服务器中的a资源没有发生变化,那么服务器就告诉客户端浏览器直接访问本地的缓存就行)
- 4xx:客户端错误。404(请求路径没有对应的资源);405:请求方式没有对应的doXxx方法
- 5xx:服务器端错误。代表:500(服务器内部出现异常)
2)响应头
- 格式:头名称: 值
- 常见的响应头:
- Content-Type:服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以及编码格式
- Content-disposition:服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据
- in-line:默认值,在当前页面内打开
- attachment;filename=xxx:以附件形式打开响应体。文件下载
3)响应空行
4)响应体:传输的数据
6.Response对象
(1)功能:设置响应消息
- 设置响应行
- 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 ok
- 设置状态码:
setStatus(int sc)
- 设置响应头:
setHeader(String name, String value)
- 设置响应体:
- 使用步骤:
- 获取输出流
- 字符输出流:
PrintWriter getWriter()
- 字节输出流:
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
- 字符输出流:
- 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器
- 获取输出流
- 使用步骤:
(2)案例
1)完成重定向
重定向
- 重定向:资源跳转的方式
- 步骤:
- 设置状态码为302
- 设置响应头location
- 实现方式有两种
//方式1
//1. 设置状态码为302
response.setStatus(302);
//2.设置响应头location
response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");
//方式2
//简单的重定向方法
response.sendRedirect("/day15/responseDemo2");
代码实现
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
*
* 重定向演示
*
*/
@WebServlet("/servletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo1......execute!!!");
//1.设置状态码
response.setStatus(302);
//2.设置响应头location, "/虚拟目录/资源路径"
response.setHeader("location", "/day15_war_exploded/servletDemo2");
//简单方式实现重定向
//response.sendRedirect("/day15_war_exploded/servletDemo2");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletDemo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo2......execute!!!");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
重新向和转发的区别
- 重新向和转发的区别,即
forward
和redirect
的区别
重定向的特点:redirect | 转发的特点:forward |
---|---|
地址栏发生变化 | 转发地址栏路径不变 |
重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源 | 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源 |
重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据 | 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据 |
路径写法
路径分类
- 相对路径:通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源
- 如:
./index.html
- 不以
/
开头,以.
开头路径 - 规则:找到当前资源和目标资源之间的相对位置关系
./
:当前目录../
:后退一级目录
- 如:
- 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
- 如:
http://localhost/day15/responseDemo2 /day15/responseDemo2
- 以
/
开头的路径 - 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?判断请求将来从哪儿发出
- 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
- 建议虚拟目录动态获取:
request.getContextPath()
<a> , <form>
重定向…
- 建议虚拟目录动态获取:
- 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录
- 转发路径
- 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
- 如:
2)服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
步骤
- 获取字符输出流
- 输出数据
注意
- 乱码问题:造成这个问题是因为编码和解码所用的字符集不一样
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter()
;获取的流的默认编码是ISO-8859-1- 设置该流的默认编码
- 告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码
//简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/servletDemo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码的两步:
//1.在获取输出流之前,设置默认编码,默认的编码为:ISO-8859-1,现在设置为utf-8
//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用该编码解码
//response.setHeader("context-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
//上面两步解决中文乱码的步骤比较复杂,下面有个简单的方法解决
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字符输出流
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
//2.设置输出的数据
// pw.write("hello response!!!");
pw.write("你好 response!!!");//观察是否出现乱码
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
3)服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
- 步骤:
- 获取字节输出流
- 输出数据
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/servletDemo4")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字节输出流
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
//2.设置输出的数据
sos.write("你好!hello".getBytes("utf-8"));
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
4)验证码
- 本质:图片
- 目的:防止恶意表单注册
package com.weeks.web.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
//1.创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//2.美化图片
//2.1 填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
g.setColor(Color.PINK);
g.fillRect(0,0, width, height);
//2.2画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
//生成随机角标
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
int index = random.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);
//2.3写验证码
g.drawString(ch + "", width / 5 * i, height / 2);
}
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//随机生成坐标点
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
实现验证码的切换
register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script>
/*
分析:
点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张
1.给超链接和图片绑定单击事件
2.重新设置图片的src属性值
*/
window.onload= function () {
//1.获取图片对象
var img = document.getElementById("check");
//2.绑定单击事件
img.onclick = function () {
//加时间戳
var date = new Date().getTime();
img.src = "/day15_war_exploded/checkCodeServlet?" + date;
}
var aobj = document.getElementById("change");
aobj.onclick = function () {
img.onclick;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<img id="check" src="/day15_war_exploded/checkCodeServlet"/>
<a id="change" href="/day15_war_exploded/checkCodeServlet">看不清,换一张</a>
</body>
</html>
7.ServletContext对象
(1)概念
- 代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信
(2)获取ServletContext对象
- 通过request对象获取,
request.getServletContext();
- 通过HttpServlet获取,
this.getServletContext();
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 达少
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
*
* 通过request对象获取, request.getServletContext();
* 通过HttpServlet获取, this.getServletContext();
*/
//通过request对象获取, request.getServletContext();
ServletContext servletContext1 = request.getServletContext();
//通过HttpServlet获取, this.getServletContext();
ServletContext servletContext2 = this.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext1);
System.out.println(servletContext2);
//servletContext1和servletContext2是同一个对象
System.out.println(servletContext1 == servletContext2);//true
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
(3)功能
- 获取MIME类型
- MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
- 格式: 大类型/小类型 ,例如:
text/html
,image/jpeg
- 格式: 大类型/小类型 ,例如:
- 获取:
String getMimeType(String file)
- MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取, this.getServletContext();
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String image = "a.jpg";
//获取MIME类型,String getMimeType(String file)
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(image);
System.out.println(mimeType);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 域对象:共享数据
setAttribute(String name,Object value)
getAttribute(String name)
removeAttribute(String name)
- ServletContext对象范围:所有用户所有请求的数据
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取, this.getServletContext();
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
//设置共享数据
servletContext.setAttribute("msg", "share data");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取, this.getServletContext();
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
//获取共享的数据
Object msg = servletContext.getAttribute("msg");
//打印出共享的数据内容
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
- 方法:String getRealPath(String path)
String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
System.out.println(b);
String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
System.out.println(c);
String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
System.out.println(a);
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取, this.getServletContext();
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
//获取文件的真实路径
//1.获取src目录下的a.txt文件路径
String a = servletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/class/a.txt");
System.out.println("a: " + a);
//2.获取webapp目录下b.txt文件路径
String b = servletContext.getRealPath("/b.txt");
System.out.println("b: " + b);
//3.获取WEB-INF下c.txt的文件路径
String c = servletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");
System.out.println("c: " + c);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
8.案例
(1)文件下载需求
- 页面显示超链接
- 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
- 完成图片文件下载
(2)分析
- 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
- 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
- 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
(3) 步骤
- 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
- 定义Servlet
- 获取文件名称
- 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
- 指定response的响应头:
content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
- 将数据写出到response输出流
download.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/day15_war_exploded/img/1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day15_war_exploded/img/shipin.avi">视频1</a>
<hr/>
<a href="/day15_war_exploded/downloadServletDemo?filename=1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day15_war_exploded/downloadServletDemo?filename=shipin.avi">视频1</a>
</body>
</html>
DowndloadServletDemo.java
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/downloadServletDemo")
public class DownloadServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数,文件名称
String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
//2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
response.setHeader("content-type", mimeType);
//3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
int len = 0;
while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
sos.write(buff, 0, len);
}
fis.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
(4)问题:中文文件问题
- 解决思路
- 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
- 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同
DownLoadUtils.java
package com.weeks.web.utils;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class DownLoadUtils {
public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
// IE浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
} else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
// 火狐浏览器
BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
} else {
// 其它浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
}
return filename;
}
}
DownloadServletDemo.java
package com.weeks.web.servletcontext;
import com.weeks.web.utils.DownLoadUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/downloadServletDemo")
public class DownloadServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数,文件名称
String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
//2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
response.setHeader("content-type", mimeType);
//解决中文文件名问题
//1.获取user-agent请求头
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);
//3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
int len = 0;
while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
sos.write(buff, 0, len);
}
fis.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}