Windows窗口

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42284219/article/details/129941908

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Windows窗口

Unit01注册窗口类

01窗口类的概念

窗口类是包括了窗口的各种参数信息的数据结构
每个窗口都具有窗口类，基于窗口类创建窗口
每个窗口都具有一个名称，使用前必须注册到系统

02窗口类的分类

系统窗口类
系统已经定义好的窗口类，所有应用程序都可以直接使用
应用程序全局窗口类
由用户自己定义，当前应用程序所有模块都可以使用
应用程序局部窗口类
由用户自己定义，当前应用程序中本模块可以使用

03系统窗口

不需要注册，直接使用窗口类即可。系统已经注册好了
例如：
- 按钮：BUTTON
- 编辑框：EDIT
示例：创建一个巨大的按钮

#include <windows.h>

//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindow("Button","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

04全局及局部窗口类

注册窗口类的函数

ATON RegisterClass(
	CONST WNDCLASS *lpWndClass//窗口类的数据
);//注册成功后，返回一个数字标识(返回0注册失败，非0注册成功)

注册窗口类的结构体

typedef struct _WNDCLASS{
	UINT style;//窗口类的风格
	WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;//窗口处理函数
	int cbClsExtra;//窗口类的附加数据buff的大小
	int cbWndExtra;//窗口的附加数据buff的大小
	HINSTANCE hInstance;//当前模块的实例句柄
	HICON hIcon;//窗口图标句柄
	HCURSOR hCursor,//鼠标的句柄
	HBRUSH hbrBackground,//绘制窗口背景的画刷句柄
	LPCTSTR lpszMenuName,//窗口菜单的资源ID字符串
	LPCTSTR lpszClassName//窗口类的名称
}WNDCLASS,*PWNDCLASS;

style窗口类风格
- 应用程序全局窗口类的注册，需要在窗口类的风格中增加CS_GLOBALCLASS
  例如：
```
WNDCLASS wce = {0};
wce.style = ...|CS_GLOBALCLASS;
```
- 应用程序局部窗口类：在注册窗口类时，不添加CS_GLOBALCLASS风格
- 其他窗口类风格：
  - CS_HREDREAW：当窗口水平发生变化时，窗口重新绘制
  - CS_VREDREAW：当窗口垂直发生变化时，窗口重新绘制
  - CS_DBLCLKS：允许窗口接收鼠标双击
  - CS_NOCLOSE：窗口没有关闭按钮

Unit02窗口创建

01窗口创建

CreateWindow/CreateWindowEx

HWND CreateWindowEx{
	DWORD dwExStyle,//窗口的扩建风格
	LPCTSTR lpClassName,//已经注册的窗口类名称
	LPCTSTR lpWindowName,//窗口标题栏的名字
	DWORD dwStyle,//窗口的基本风格
	int x,//窗口左上角水平坐标位置
	int y,//窗口左上角的垂直坐标位置
	int nWidth,//窗口的宽度
	int nHeight,//窗口的高度
	HWND hWndParent,//窗口的父窗口句柄
	HMENU hMenu,//窗口菜单句柄
	HINSTANCE hInstance,//应用程序实例句柄
	LPVOID lpParam//窗口创建时俯角参数
};//创建成功返回窗口句柄

#include <windows.h>

//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

02窗口创建执行过程

1.系统（CreateWindowEx函数内部）根据传入的窗口类名称，在因用程序局部窗口类中查找，如果找到执行第2步，否则执行第3步
2.比较局部窗口类与创建时传入的HINSTANCE变量。如果发现相等，创建和注册的窗口类在同一模块，创建窗口返回。如果不相等，继续执行第3步
3.在应用程序全局窗口类，如果找到执行第4步，否则执行第5步
4.使用找到的窗口类的信息，创建窗口返回
5.在系统窗口类中查找，如果找到创建窗口返回，否则创建窗口失败

解决遗留问题：点击窗口的关闭按钮可以完全退出进程，不用在任务管理器中杀死进程

#include <windows.h>

//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

03 子窗口创建

创建时要设置父窗口句柄
创建风格要增加WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE

#include <windows.h>

//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

Unit03消息基础

01消息的概念和作用

消息组成（Windows平台下的消息）
- 窗口句柄
- 消息ID
- 消息的两个参数（两个附带信息）
- 消息的产生时间
- 消息产生时的鼠标位置
消息的作用
- 当系统通知窗口工作时，就采用消息的方式(DispatchMessage)派发给窗口的窗口处理函数

/*
 * Message structure
 */
typedef struct tagMSG {
    HWND        hwnd;
    UINT        message;
    WPARAM      wParam;
    LPARAM      lParam;
    DWORD       time;
    POINT       pt;
#ifdef _MAC
    DWORD       lPrivate;
#endif
} MSG, *PMSG, NEAR *NPMSG, FAR *LPMSG;

在这里插入图片描述

02窗口处理函数

每个窗口都必须具有窗口处理函数

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
	HWND hwnd,//窗口句柄
	UINT uMsg,//消息ID
	WPARAM wParam,//消息参数
	LPARAM lParam//消息参数
);

当系统通知窗口时，会调用窗口处理函数，同时将消息ID和消息参数床底给窗口处理函数。在窗口处理函数中，不处理的消息，使用缺省窗口处理函数。例如：DefWindowProc

03 浅谈消息相关函数

GetMessage获取本进程的消息

BOOL GetMessage(
	LPMSG lpMsg,//存放获取到的消息BUFF
	//后面三个参数都是指定抓取消息的范围
	HWND hWnd,//窗口句柄（如果指定为NULL，表示抓取全部窗口的消息）
	UINT wMsgFilterMin,//获取消息的最小ID
	UINT wMsgFilteMax//获取消息的最大ID
);
//lpMsg:当获取到消息后，将消息的参数存放到MSG结构中
//hWnd:获取到hWnd所指定窗口的消息
//wMsgFilterMin和wMsgFilteMax:只能获取到由它们指定的消息范围内的消息，如果都为0，表示没有范围

在这里插入图片描述

TranslateMessage翻译消息，将按键消息，翻译成字符消息
检查消息是否是按键的消息，如果不是按键消息，不做任何处理，继续执行（该函数只翻译可见字符的按键消息）

BOOL TranslateMessage(
	const MSG* lpMsg//要翻译的消息地址
);

DispatchMessage派发消息
将消息派发到该消息所属窗口的窗口处理函数上

LONG LONG DispatchMessage(  
	const MSG* lpmsg //要派发的消息
);

Unit04常见消息

01WM_DESTORY

产生时间：窗口被销毁时的消息
附带信息：
- wParam:0
- lParam:0
一般用法：常用语在窗口销毁之前，做相应的善后处理，例如资源、内存的释放等

//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}

02WM_SYSCOMMAND

产生时间：当点击窗口的最大化、最小化、关闭等
附带信息：
- wParam：具体点击的位置，例如关闭SC_CLOSE等
- lParam：鼠标光标的位置(使用一个long类型的高低位分别存储两个数，使用下面的两个宏定义取出两个数)
  - LOWORD(lParam);//水平位置
  - HIWORD(lParam);//垂直位置
一般用法：常用在窗口关闭时，提示用户处理

#include <windows.h>

//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		MessageBox(hWnd,"02WM_SYSCOMMAND","Info",MB_OK);
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

#include <windows.h>

//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){
			MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);
		}else{
			return 0;
		}
		
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

03WM_CREATE

产生时间：在窗口创建成功但还没显示时
附带信息：
- wParam：0
- lParam：为CREATESTRUCT类型的指针。通过这个指针获取CreateWindowEx中的全部12个参数的信息
一般用法：常用于初始化窗口的参数、资源等等，包括创建子窗口等

#include <windows.h>

void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;
	char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;
	MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);
	//创建子窗口
	CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_CREATE:
		onCreate(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){
			MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);
		}else{
			return 0;
		}
		
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	char* pszText = "hello data";
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

04WM_SIZE

产生时间：在窗口的大小发生变化
附带信息：
- wParam：窗口大小变化的原因
- lParam：窗口变化后的大小
  - LOWORD(lParam);//水平位置
  - HIWORD(lParam);//垂直位置
一般用法：常用于窗口大小变化后，调整窗口内各个部分的布局

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
	short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);
	char szText[256] = {0};
	sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);
	WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}

void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;
	char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;
	MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);
	//创建子窗口
	CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_SIZE:
		onSize(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_CREATE:
		//onCreate(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){
			MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);
		}else{
			return 0;
		}
		
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口
	g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	char* pszText = "hello data";
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
	}
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

05WM_QUIT

产生时间：程序员发送
附带信息：
- wParam：PostQuitMessage函数传递参数
- lParam：0
一般用法：用于结束消息循环，当GetMessage收到这个消息后，会返回FALSE，结束while处理，退出消息循环

Unit05消息循环的原理

01消息循环的阻塞

GetMessage从系统获取消息，将消息从系统中移除，是一个阻塞函数。当系统无消息时，会一直等待下一条消息的到来。
PeekMessage以查看的方式从系统中获取消息，可以不将消息从系统中移除，是一个非阻塞函数。当系统无消息时，返回FALSE，继续执行后续程序（相当于只负责侦查而不负责处理消息）

BOOL PeekMessage( 
	 LPMSG lpMsg,   //message information
	 HWND hWnd,   //handle to window
	 UINT wMsgFilterMin, //first message
	 UINT wMsgFilterMax, //last message
  	 UINT wRemoveMsg//移除标识，赋值PM_NOREMOVE或PM_REMOVE
  	 
 );

在这里插入图片描述

	while(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0))
   {
   	TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
   	DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理
   }
//将处理消息的while循环可以换一种高效的写法了
    while(1)
   {
   
   	if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){
   		//有消息
   		if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){
   			TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
   			DispatchMessage(&nMsg);
   		}else{
   			return 0;
   		}
   	}
   	else{
   		//空闲处理
   		WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);
   	}
   }

示例：

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
	short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);
	char szText[256] = {0};
	sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);
	WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}

void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;
	char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;
	MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);
	//创建子窗口
	CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_SIZE:
		onSize(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_CREATE:
		//onCreate(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){
			MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);
		}else{
			return 0;
		}
		
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口
	g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	char* pszText = "hello data";
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	 while(1)
	{
	
		if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){
			//有消息
			if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){
				TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
				DispatchMessage(&nMsg);
			}else{
				return 0;
			}
		}
		else{
			//空闲处理
			WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

02 发送消息

消息的处理过程
SendMessage发送消息，会等候消息处理的结果
PostMessage投递消息，消息发出后立即返回，不等待消息执行结果

LRESULT SendMessage / PostMessage(  
	HWND hWnd, //消息发送的目的窗口
	UINT Msg,   //消息ID
	WPARAM wParam,//消息参数  
	LPARAM lParam //消息参数
);

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
	short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);
	char szText[256] = {0};
	sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);
	WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}

void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;
	char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;
	MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);
	//创建子窗口
	CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_SIZE:
		onSize(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_CREATE:
		//onCreate(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		//PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		//窗口能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage能抓到PostMessage发送的消息
		PostMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);//PostQuitMessage内部调用此函数
		//窗口不能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage不能抓到SendMessage发送的消息
		//SendMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){
			MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);
		}else{
			return 0;
		}
		
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口
	g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	char* pszText = "hello data";
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	 while(1)
	{
	
		if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){
			//有消息
			if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){
				TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
				DispatchMessage(&nMsg);
			}else{
				return 0;
			}
		}
		else{
			//空闲处理
			WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

03消息分类

系统消息：ID范围0-0x3FF，由系统定义好的消息，可以在程序中直接使用（注意系统消息要么程序员只负责处理不负责发送，如WM_SIZE，要么只负责发送不负责处理，如WM_QUIT）
用户自定义消息：ID范围0x0400-0x7FFF(31743)'
- 由用户自己定义，满足用户自己的需求，由用户自己发出消息，并相应处理
- 自定义消息宏：WM_USER

自定义消息示例

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
//自定义消息
#define WM_MYMESSAGE WM_USER+1001

HANDLE g_hOutput = 0;//接收标准输出句柄
void onSize(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	short nWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
	short nHight = HIWORD(lParam);
	char szText[256] = {0};
	sprintf(szText, "WM_SIZE：宽：%d，高：%d\n", nWidth, nHight);
	WriteConsole(g_hOutput, szText,strlen(szText),NULL,NULL);
}

void onCreate(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam){
	CREATESTRUCT* psc = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;
	char* pszText = (char*)psc->lpCreateParams;
	MessageBox(NULL, pszText,"Info",MB_OK);
	//发送自定消息（自己爱在哪里发送就写在哪里）
	PostMessage(hWnd,WM_MYMESSAGE,1,2);
	//创建子窗口
	CreateWindowEx(0,"EDIT","hello",WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,0,NULL);
}

void onMyMessage(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
	char szText[256] = {0};
	sprintf(szText,"自定义消息被处理：wParam=%d,lParam=%d\n", wParam, lParam);
	MessageBox(hWnd, szText, "Infor", MB_OK);
}
//窗口处理函数（自定义，处理函数）
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT msgID,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(msgID){
	case WM_MYMESSAGE:
		onMyMessage(hWnd,wParam, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_SIZE:
		onSize(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_CREATE:
		//onCreate(hWnd, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		//PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage函数返回0
		//窗口能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage能抓到PostMessage发送的消息
		PostMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);//PostQuitMessage内部调用此函数
		//窗口不能顺利关闭，说明GetMessage不能抓到SendMessage发送的消息
		//SendMessage(hWnd, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);
		break;
	case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
		if(wParam == SC_CLOSE){
			MessageBox(hWnd,"是否退出","Info",MB_YESNO);
		}else{
			return 0;
		}
		
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, lParam);//给各种消息默认处理
}
//入口函数
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
	AllocConsole();//增加一个DOC窗口
	g_hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//注册窗口类
	WNDCLASS wc = {0};
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//在内存创建窗口
	char* pszText = "hello data";
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,"Main","window",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,100,100,500,500,NULL,NULL,hIns,pszText);
	
	//子窗口窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc);//将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统内核
	//子窗口1
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","c1",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,0,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//子窗口2
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0,"Child","cc",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE,200,0,200,200,hWnd,NULL,hIns,NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = {0};
	 while(1)
	{
	
		if(PeekMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){
			//有消息
			if(GetMessage(&nMsg,NULL,0,0)){
				TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
				DispatchMessage(&nMsg);
			}else{
				return 0;
			}
		}
		else{
			//空闲处理
			WriteConsole(g_hOutput,"OnIdle",strlen("OnIdle"),NULL,NULL);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}