1 TCP通信流程
1.1 服务端
- 创建一个用于监听的套接字,调用函数socket();
- 创建服务端地址结构,指定服务端的IP协议族、IP地址和端口号;
- 将监听套接器和服务端的地址信息进行绑定,调用函数bind();
- 设置监听,调用函数listen();
- 阻塞等待,当有客户端发起连接,解除阻塞,接受客户端的连接,返回一个和客户端进行通信的连接套接字,通过accept()函数可获得成功接入的客户端的地址结构;
- 读写通信;
- 通信结束,断开连接,调用函数close()关闭套接字。
1.2 客户端
- 创建一个用于通信的套接字,调用函数socket();
- 创建将要连接的服务端的地址结构,指定服务端的IP协议族、IP地址和端口号;
- 通过套接字和服务端的地址结构向服务端发起连接请求,调用函数connect();(客户端无需绑定,操作系统会自动分配地址信息)
- 连接成功,客户端可以直接和服务端通信;
- 通信结束,断开连接,调用函数close()关闭套接字。
2 服务端程序
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int lfd, cfd;
struct sockaddr_in saddr, caddr;
if((lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
saddr.sin_port = htons(9998);
socklen_t optval = 1;
setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &optval, sizeof(optval));
if(bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(-1);
}
if(listen(lfd, 8) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(-1);
}
socklen_t len = sizeof(caddr);
if((cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&caddr, &len)) == -1) {
perror("accept");
exit(-1);
}
char ClientIP[16];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &caddr.sin_addr.s_addr, ClientIP, 16);
cout << "client ip: " << ClientIP << ", port : " << ntohs(caddr.sin_port) << endl;
char recvBuf[1024];
while(1) {
memset(recvBuf, 0, sizeof(recvBuf));
int len = 0;
if((len = read(cfd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf))) > 0) {
cout << "(Server) recv client data: ";
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
cout << recvBuf[i];
recvBuf[i] = toupper(recvBuf[i]);
}
recvBuf[i] = '\0';
cout << endl;
write(cfd, recvBuf, strlen(recvBuf));
}
else if(len == -1) {
perror("read");
exit(-1);
}
else if(len == 0) {
cout << "(Server) recv client closed..." << endl;
break;
}
}
close(lfd);
close(cfd);
return 0;
}
3 客户端程序
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int cfd;
struct sockaddr_in saddr;
if((cfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(cfd, "127.0.0.1",&saddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
saddr.sin_port = htons(9998);
if(connect(cfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) == -1) {
perror("connect");
exit(-1);
}
char recvBuf[1024];
char sendBuf[1024];
memset(sendBuf, 0, sizeof(sendBuf));
while((cout << "(Client) send: ") && cin.getline(sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf))) {
write(cfd, sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf));
int len = 0;
if((len = read(cfd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf))) > 0) {
cout << "(Client) recv server data : " << recvBuf << endl;
}
else if(len == 0){
cout << "server closed..." << endl;
break;
}
else if(len == -1){
perror("read");
exit(-1);
}
memset(sendBuf, 0, sizeof(sendBuf));
}
close(cfd);
return 0;
}
4 运行结果