目录
1 UDP通信
1.1 实现流程
1.2 程序示例
1.2.1 服务端
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int fd;
sockaddr_in addr;
sockaddr_in clientaddr;
socklen_t len;
char recvBuf[1024];
if((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
addr.sin_port = htons(9999);
if(bind(fd, (sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(-1);
}
//通信
while(1) {
//接收数据
len = sizeof(clientaddr);
int num = recvfrom(fd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf), 0, (sockaddr *)&clientaddr, &len);
char Clientip[16];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, Clientip, 16);
cout << "client ip" << Clientip << ", port:" << ntohs(clientaddr.sin_port) << endl;
cout << "(SERVER)" << "recv client data: " << recvBuf << endl;
sendto(fd, recvBuf, strlen(recvBuf) + 1, 0, (sockaddr *)&clientaddr, len);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
1.2.2 客户端
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1"
using namespace std;
int main() {
int fd;
sockaddr_in serveraddr;
socklen_t len;
char recvBuf[1024];
char sendBuf[1024];
int num = 0;
if((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
serveraddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
//通信
while(1) {
//发送数据
len = sizeof(serveraddr);
sprintf(sendBuf,"send buf : %d\n", num++);
sendto(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1, 0, (sockaddr *)&serveraddr, len);
//接收数据
int num = recvfrom(fd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf), 0, NULL, NULL);
cout << "(Client): " << recvBuf <<endl;
sleep(1);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
2 广播
2.1 注意事项
- 一对多的通信方式,会将消息分发给整个局域网内的所有主机;
- 客户端需要绑定服务端广播使用的端口才能够接收到广播消息。
- 使用setsockopt函数设置广播属性
2.2 程序示例
2.2.1 发送端
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BROADCASTADDR "192.168.163.255"
using namespace std;
int main() {
int fd;
sockaddr_in broadaddr;
char sendBuf[1024];
if((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
// 设置广播属性
socklen_t optval = 1;
setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &optval, sizeof(optval));
// 创建一个广播地址
broadaddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
broadaddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
inet_pton(AF_INET, BROADCASTADDR, &broadaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
//通信
int num = 0;
while(1) {
//发送数据
sprintf(sendBuf,"广播... %d\n", num++);
sendto(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1, 0, (sockaddr *)&broadaddr, sizeof(broadaddr));
cout << "(SERVER) send data: " << sendBuf << endl;
sleep(1);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
2.2.2 接收端
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int fd;
sockaddr_in addr;
char recvBuf[1024];
int num = 0;
if((fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
//接收端绑定本地IP和端口
addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(9999);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if(bind(fd, (sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(-1);
}
//通信
while(1) {
//接收数据
int num = recvfrom(fd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf), 0, NULL, NULL);
cout << "(Client) recv data: " << recvBuf << endl;
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
3 组播
3.1 注意事项
- 组播将网络上的主机进行逻辑上的分组,通信只会在同一个分组上面进行收发消息。
- 组播既可以用于局域网,也可以用于广域网;
- 客户端需要加入多播组,才能接收到多播的数据;
- 使用setsockopt函数设置组播属性
单播地址标识单个 IP 接口,广播地址标识某个子网的所有 IP 接口,多播地址标识一组 IP 接口。单播和广播是寻址方案的两个极端(要么单个要么全部),多播则意在两者之间提供一种折中方案。多播数据报只应该由对它感兴趣的接口接收,也就是说由运行相应多播会话应用系统的主机上的接口接收。另外,广播一般局限于局域网内使用,而多播则既可以用于局域网,也可以跨广域网使用。
3.2 组播地址
3.3 程序示例
3.3.1 发送端
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MULTIADDR "239.0.0.10"
using namespace std;
int main() {
int fd;
sockaddr_in broadaddr;
in_addr imr_multiaddr;
char sendBuf[1024];
if((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
// 设置多播属性
inet_pton(AF_INET, MULTIADDR,&imr_multiaddr);
setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &imr_multiaddr, sizeof(imr_multiaddr));
// 初始化发送端地址信息
broadaddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
broadaddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
inet_pton(AF_INET, MULTIADDR, &broadaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
//通信
int num = 0;
while(1) {
//发送数据
sprintf(sendBuf,"组播... %d\n", num++);
sendto(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1, 0, (sockaddr *)&broadaddr, sizeof(broadaddr));
cout << "(SERVER) send data: " << sendBuf << endl;
sleep(1);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
3.3.2 接收端
#include <iostream>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MULTIADDR "239.0.0.10"
using namespace std;
int main() {
int fd;
sockaddr_in addr;
ip_mreq op;
char recvBuf[1024];
int num = 0;
if((fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(-1);
}
//接收端绑定本地IP和端口
addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(9999);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if(bind(fd, (sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(-1);
}
//加入到多播组
inet_pton(AF_INET, MULTIADDR, &op.imr_multiaddr.s_addr);
op.imr_interface.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &op, sizeof(op));
//通信
while(1) {
//接收数据
int num = recvfrom(fd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf), 0, NULL, NULL);
cout << "(Client) recv data: " << recvBuf << endl;
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}