JS 生成唯一UUID的几种方法

在开发中偶尔会遇到需要生成唯一id的时候，比如对数组的任意一项进行多次增删改，这时就需要给每一项添加唯一标识符来加以区分。

以下总结了几种生成唯一标识的方法，仅供参考。

1、通过地址的方式

function uuid(){
    const tempUrl = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob());
	const uuid = tempUrl.toString();
	URL.revokeObjectURL(tempUrl);  // 释放这个url
	return uuid.substring(uuid.lastIndexOf("/") + 1)			
}
console.log(uuid())   // 26dec868-b29f-42e5-9eb6-9c59396ae411

2、利用随机数结合16进制生成唯一值

function generateRandom() {
	return Math.random().toString(16).slice(2);  
}
// 45c3a3a294527

3、获取UUID标识请求

function guidGenerator() {
    var S4 = function() {
        return ((1 + Math.random())*0X10000|0).toString(16).substring(1);
    };
   return (S4() + S4() + "-" + S4() + "-" + S4() + "-" + S4() + "-" + S4() + S4() + S4());
}

console.log(guidGenerator(), '======这个是UUID随机数')

4、随机串串

function randomString(len) {
    len = len || 32
    var chars = 'ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTWXYZabcdefhijkmnprstwxyz1234567890'
    var maxPos = chars.length
    var pwd = ''
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      pwd += chars.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * maxPos))
    }
    return pwd
}

randomString() // ShabfpZYnAMDErwd9yxPtNzRPBsfTXHz

5、生成标准的uuid，且方法最简单

function uuid() {
    return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function (c) {
        var r = Math.random() * 16 | 0,
            v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);
        return v.toString(16);
    });
}
console.log( uuid() );    // 12c96135-d4b6-488f-ba1d-449b27851e0b

6、5的拓展，生成标准的uuid，且使用了随机种子，比方法一要好

function uuid() {
    var d = new Date().getTime();
    if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === "function") {
        d += performance.now(); //use high-precision timer if available
    }
    var uuid = 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function (c) {
        var r = (d + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0;    // d是随机种子
        d = Math.floor(d / 16);
        return (c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8)).toString(16);
    });
    return uuid;
}
console.log( uuid() ) ;   //  826fe4be-631c-4a63-83e9-96a788e8a569

7、生成了不太规范的唯一标识，但是平时使用是最简便的

var uuid = new Date().getTime() + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2);
console.log( uuid );   // 1590753224242oqgomgkv7tp

8、格式化时间的函数

function formatDateTime() {
    var date = new Date();
    var y = date.getFullYear();
    var m = date.getMonth() + 1;
    m = m < 10 ? ('0' + m) : m;
    var d = date.getDate();
    d = d < 10 ? ('0' + d) : d;
    var h = date.getHours();
    var minute = date.getMinutes();
    var second = date.getSeconds();
    return y + m + d + h + minute + second;
}

var uuid = formatDateTime() + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2);
console.log(uuid);   // 20200529195844692wbkvn5l

9、uuid高级

function uuid() {
    var s = [];
    var hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef";
    for (var i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
        s[i] = hexDigits.substr(Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x10), 1);
    }
    s[14] = "4"; // bits 12-15 of the time_hi_and_version field to 0010
    s[19] = hexDigits.substr((s[19] & 0x3) | 0x8, 1); // bits 6-7 of the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved to 01
    s[8] = s[13] = s[18] = s[23] = "-";

    var uuid = s.join("");
    return uuid;
}
console.log( uuid() ) ;    // 337f459e-7d36-4cb4-838e-09f5fe7b3769

10、指定长度和基数

function uuid3(len, radix) {
    var chars = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('');
    var uuid = [],
        i;
    radix = radix || chars.length;

    if (len) {
        // Compact form
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) uuid[i] = chars[0 | Math.random() * radix];
    } else {
        // rfc4122, version 4 form
        var r;

        // rfc4122 requires these characters
        uuid[8] = uuid[13] = uuid[18] = uuid[23] = '-';
        uuid[14] = '4';

        // Fill in random data.  At i==19 set the high bits of clock sequence as
        // per rfc4122, sec. 4.1.5
        for (i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
            if (!uuid[i]) {
                r = 0 | Math.random() * 16;
                uuid[i] = chars[(i == 19) ? (r & 0x3) | 0x8 : r];
            }
        }
    }

    return uuid.join('');
}

console.log( uuid3() );     //  2089EC65-DB7F-498D-910D-2B3F3BB585E8

11、生成NanoID的方法

let urlAlphabet =
  'useandom-26T198340PX75pxJACKVERYMINDBUSHWOLF_GQZbfghjklqvwyzrict'
 
let nanoid = (size = 21) => {
  let id = ''
  // A compact alternative for `for (var i = 0; i < step; i++)`.
  let i = size
  while (i--) {
    // `| 0` is more compact and faster than `Math.floor()`.
    id += urlAlphabet[(Math.random() * 64) | 0]
  }
  return id
}
nanoid() // "AfRTJv9hRo42vKKUDBQLX"

上面的方法仅供参考。还有很多很多类似的库，也可以直接使用，比如uuid，md5，nanoid 等等

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