4.8虚基类问题的提出和初探

虚基类（虚继承/虚派生）问题的提出

传统多重继承造成的 ：空间问题，效率问题，二义性问题

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Grand //爷爷类
{
public:
	int m_grand;
};
class A1 :  public Grand
{
public:

};

class A2 :  public Grand
{
public:

};

class C1 :public A1, public A2
{
public:

};

int main()
{
	//一：虚基类（虚继承/虚派生）问题的提出
	//传统多重继承造成的 ：空间问题，效率问题，二义性问题；
	cout << sizeof(Grand) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A1) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A2) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(C1) << endl;
	/*
		4
		4
		4
		8
	*/

	C1 c1;
	//c1.m_grand = 12; //访问不明确，名字冲突，二义性；
	                         //引入虚基类之后，就不会出现访问不明确的问题了
	c1.A1::m_grand = 13;
	c1.A2::m_grand = 15;


	return 1;
}

子类对象c1的空间布局（8字节）

虚基类

虚基类，让Grand类只被继承一次；
两个概念：(1)虚基类表 vbtable(virtual base table).(2)虚基类表指针 vbptr(virtual base table pointer)

virtual虚继承之后，A1,A2里就会被编译器插入一个虚基类表指针，这个指针，有点成员变量的感觉
A1,A2里因为有了虚基类表指针，因此占用了8个字节

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Grand //爷爷类
{
public:
	int m_grand;
};
class A1 : virtual public Grand
{
public:
};

class A2 : virtual public Grand
{
public:	
};

class C1 :public A1, public A2
{
public:
};

int main()
{
	cout << sizeof(Grand) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A1) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A2) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(C1) << endl;
	/*
		4
		16
		16
		24
	*/
	C1 c1;
	c1.m_grand = 12; //访问明确
	c1.A1::m_grand = 13;
	c1.A2::m_grand = 15;

	return 1;
}

子类24对象字节，左到右：前2个8字节是2个虚基类指针， m_grand，补齐

例子2

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Grand //爷爷类
{
public:
	int m_grand;
};
class A1 : virtual public Grand
{
public:
	int m_a1;
};

class A2 : virtual public Grand
{
public:
	int m_a2;
};

class C1 :public A1, public A2
{
public:
	int m_c1;
};

int main()
{
	cout << sizeof(Grand) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A1) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A2) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(C1) << endl;
	/*
		4
		24
		24
		48
	*/


	A1 a1;
	a1.m_a1 = 9;
	a1.m_grand = 8;
	return 1;
}

A1对象空间布局：虚基类指针，m_a1，补齐，m_grand
A1父类成员m_grand放在了最后面

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Grand //爷爷类
{
public:
	int m_grand;
};
class A1 : virtual public Grand
{
public:
	int m_a1;
};

class A2 : virtual public Grand
{
public:
	int m_a2;
};

class C1 :public A1, public A2
{
public:
	int m_c1;
};

int main()
{
	cout << sizeof(Grand) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A1) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(A2) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(C1) << endl;
	/*
		4
		24
		24
		48
	*/


	C1 c1;
	c1.m_a1 = 9;
	c1.m_a2 = 7;
	c1.m_c1 = 6;
	c1.m_grand = 8;
	return 1;
}

类C1对象布局（m_grand放在了最后面），其中两个8字节长的是虚基类指针