java观察者_Java中的观察者模式

让一个类能够被观察，则该类需要继承java.util.Observable类。

要让一个类成为观察者，则该类需要实现java.util.Observable接口。

让观察者和被观察者建立联系通过Observable的addObserver(Object obj)方法。

让被观察者通知观察者，通过Observable类中的setChanged()和notifyObservers(Object obj)方法。

下面的例子定义了一个售房中心类和一个卖家类。售房中心为被观察者，买房者为观察者。售房中心房价发生变化，则将相应的信息通知买房者。

代码如下:

import java.util.*;class HouseSellCenter extendsObservable

{publicString name;public floatprice;public HouseSellCenter(String name, floatprice)

{this.name =name;this.price =price;

}public void changePrice(floatprice)

{this.price =price;super.setChanged();super.notifyObservers(price);

}publicString toString()

{return "name:" + this.name + " price:" +this.price;

}

}class Buyer implementsObserver

{publicString name;publicBuyer(String name)

{this.name =name;

}public voidupdate(Observable o, Object arg)

{

HouseSellCenter hsc=(HouseSellCenter)o;

System.out.println(this.name+"观察到:"+hsc.name+"房价变为:" + arg + "万");

}

}classHello

{public static voidmain(String[] args)

{

HouseSellCenter hsc= new HouseSellCenter("金悦城",1.3f);

Buyer buyer1= new Buyer("金旭地产");

Buyer buyer2= new Buyer("龙城中介");

Buyer buyer3= new Buyer("祥龙置业");

hsc.addObserver(buyer1);

hsc.addObserver(buyer2);

hsc.addObserver(buyer3);

System.out.println("============");

hsc.changePrice(1.5f);

System.out.println("============");

sleep(3000);

System.out.println("============");

hsc.changePrice(1.2f);

System.out.println("============");

}public static void sleep(inttimeSpan)

{try{

Thread.sleep(timeSpan);

}catch(Exception e)

{

System.out.println(e);

}

}

}

输出结果：

============祥龙置业观察到:金悦城房价变为:1.5万

龙城中介观察到:金悦城房价变为:1.5万

金旭地产观察到:金悦城房价变为:1.5万============

============祥龙置业观察到:金悦城房价变为:1.2万

龙城中介观察到:金悦城房价变为:1.2万

金旭地产观察到:金悦城房价变为:1.2万============

上面的代码是利用了Java对观察者模式的支持。下面用另一个例子说明观察者模式运行规则。

Observerable接口(定义被观察者的规范):

public interfaceObserverable

{voidaddObserver(ObserverBehavior newObserver);voidremoveObserver(ObserverBehavior observerToBeRemoved);voidnotifyAllObservers();

}

ObserverBehavior接口(定义观察者的规范)：

public interfaceObserverBehavior

{void update(float temperature, float humidity, floatpressure);

}

WeatherData类实现Observerable接口，其是真实的被观察者类:

importjava.util.List;importjava.util.ArrayList;public class WeatherData implementsObserverable

{private ListobserverList;private floattemperature;private floathumidity;private floatpressure;publicWeatherData()

{this.observerList = new ArrayList();

}

@Overridepublic voidaddObserver(ObserverBehavior newObserver)

{//TODO Auto-generated method stub

this.observerList.add(newObserver);

}

@Overridepublic voidnotifyAllObservers()

{//TODO Auto-generated method stub

for(ObserverBehavior observer : this.observerList)

{

observer.update(this.temperature, this.humidity, this.pressure);

}

}

@Overridepublic voidremoveObserver(ObserverBehavior observerToBeRemoved)

{//TODO Auto-generated method stub

this.observerList.remove(observerToBeRemoved);

}public void weatherChanged(float temperature, float humidity, floatpressure)

{this.temperature =temperature;this.humidity =humidity;this.pressure =pressure;this.notifyAllObservers();

}

}

MobileDevices实现ObserverBehavior类(真正的观察者)：

public class MobileDevices implementsObserverBehavior

{privateString name;publicMobileDevices(String name)

{this.name =name;

}

@Overridepublic void update(float temperature, float humidity, floatpressure)

{//TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println(this.name + "观察到当前 --> 温度:" + temperature + " 湿度:" + humidity + " 气压:" +pressure);

}

@Overridepublic booleanequals(Object obj)

{if(this ==obj)return true;if(!(obj instanceofMobileDevices))return false;

MobileDevices otherOne=(MobileDevices)obj;if(this.name.equals(otherOne.name))return true;else

return false;

}

}

WhiteBoard实现了ObserverBehavior类(另一个真正的观察者):

public class WhiteBoard implementsObserverBehavior

{privateString name;publicWhiteBoard(String name)

{this.name =name;

}

@Overridepublic void update(float temperature, float humidity, floatpressure)

{//TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.out.println(this.name + "观察到当前 --> 温度:" + temperature + " 湿度:" + humidity + " 气压:" +pressure);

}

}

主方法测试：

public classTester

{/***@paramargs*/

public static voidmain(String[] args)

{//TODO Auto-generated method stub

WeatherData subject = newWeatherData();

WhiteBoard wb= new WhiteBoard("中央广场白板");

MobileDevices iphone= new MobileDevices("iphone手机");

MobileDevices android= new MobileDevices("安卓手机");

subject.addObserver(wb);

subject.addObserver(iphone);

subject.weatherChanged(12, 23, 33);

subject.removeObserver(new MobileDevices("iphone手机"));

subject.addObserver(android);

subject.weatherChanged(22, 43, 25);

}

}

输出结果：

中央广场白板观察到当前 --> 温度:12.0 湿度:23.0 气压:33.0

iphone手机观察到当前 --> 温度:12.0 湿度:23.0 气压:33.0

中央广场白板观察到当前 --> 温度:22.0 湿度:43.0 气压:25.0

安卓手机观察到当前 --> 温度:22.0 湿度:43.0 气压:25.0

总结:

被观察者应该具备以下功能:

1) 能增加一个观察者 addObserver

2)能移除一个观察者 removeObserver

3)在数据改变的时候能将相应的信息通知给被观察者 notifyAllObservers

观察者应具备以下功能:

1) update方法用于观察者接收被观察者的推送信息