浅拷贝和用序列化实现的深拷贝

要想让对象具有拷贝的功能,必须实现Cloneable接口(标识接口，表示此类允许被clone),并且在类中自定义clone调用Object类提供的继承权限clone方法。
浅拷贝：
拷贝出来的对象仍然保留原对象的所有引用
只要任意一个拷贝对象(或原对象)中的引用发生改变，所有对象均会受到影响
如图所示：

代码实现：

public class TestClone {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Teacher teacher=new Teacher("zhang",22,"Java");
        students student=new students("xiao",1640,teacher);
        students Clonestudent=student.Clone();
        System.out.println(teacher);
        System.out.println(student);
        System.out.println(Clonestudent);
//        System.out.println(Clonestudent.getName());
//        System.out.println(Clonestudent.getId());
        System.out.println(Clonestudent.getTeacher());
        System.out.println(teacher==Clonestudent.getTeacher());
    }
}
class Teacher{
private String name;
private int age;
private String direction;
public Teacher(String name,int age,String direction){
    this.name=name;
    this.age=age;
    this.direction=direction;
}

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getDirection() {
        return direction;
    }

    public void setDirection(String direction) {
        this.direction = direction;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", direction='" + direction + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class students implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private Teacher teacher;
    public students Clone(){
        students student=null;
        try {
            student=(students)super.clone();//一定要调super的clone,然后进行强制类型转化
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return student;
    }
    public students(String name,int id,Teacher teacher){
        this.name=name;
        this.id=id;
        this.teacher=teacher;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "students{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", teacher=" + teacher +
                '}';
    }
}

深拷贝：用序列化实现。只需要实现Serializable接口
修改任意一个对象，不会对其他对象产生影响
如图所示：

使用内存流进行序列化操作的步骤：
1.把对象写到字节数组中去

 ByteOutputStream byteOutputStream=new ByteOutputStream();
 ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream=new ObjectOutputStream(byteOutputStream);
      objectOutputStream.writeObject(this);

2.把要拷贝的对象输出成字节数组

  ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream=new ByteArrayInputStream(byteOutputStream.getBytes());

3.然后利用ObjectInputStream将其转换出新的对象，并读取

ObjectInputStream objectInputStream=new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
        return (Student)objectInputStream.readObject(); 

完整的代码实现：

import com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.util.ByteOutputStream;

import java.io.*;

public class CloneTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Teacher1 teacher = new Teacher1("zhang","python");
        Student student=new Student("xin",22,teacher);
        Student studentclone=student.Clone();
        System.out.println(student);
        System.out.println(studentclone);
        System.out.println("=========>");
        System.out.println(studentclone.getAge());
        System.out.println(studentclone.getName());
        System.out.println(studentclone.getTeacher1());
        System.out.println(teacher==studentclone.getTeacher1());
    }
}
//使用序列化进行深拷贝
class Teacher1 implements Serializable{
private String name;
private String skills;
public  Teacher1(String name,String skills){
    this.name=name;
    this.skills=skills;
}

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSkills() {
        return skills;
    }

    public void setSkills(String skills) {
        this.skills = skills;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher1{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", skills='" + skills + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class Student implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher1 teacher1;       //序列化后变为字节流
    public Student Clone() throws Exception {             //使用内存流进行序列化操作
        ByteOutputStream byteOutputStream=new ByteOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream=new ObjectOutputStream(byteOutputStream);
        objectOutputStream.writeObject(this);
        ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream=new ByteArrayInputStream(byteOutputStream.getBytes());
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream=new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
        return (Student)objectInputStream.readObject();  //强转
        }
    public Student(String name,int age,Teacher1 teacher1){
        this.name=name;
        this.age=age;
        this.teacher1=teacher1;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Teacher1 getTeacher1() {
        return teacher1;
    }

    public void setTeacher1(Teacher1 teacher1) {
        this.teacher1 = teacher1;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", teacher1=" + teacher1 +
                '}';
    }
}