VHDL代码心得4-计数器

今天偶尔发现了一个异常简洁且工整的计数器，同时也犯了一个很典型的错误，于是记录下来。

library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity time_out is
port( clk,rst_n,en:in std_logic;
		num_in0,num_in1,num_in2,num_in3,num_in4,num_in5:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
		num0,num1,num2,num3,num4,num5:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end time_out;
architecture behav of time_out is
signal tempnum_0,tempnum_1,tempnum_2,tempnum_3,tempnum_4,tempnum_5:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
begin

process(clk)
variable count_1s:integer range 0 to 50000000 := 0;
begin
if clk'event and clk='1' then
if count_1s=49999999 THEN
						count_1s:=0;
						IF tempnum_0="1001" THEN
							tempnum_0<="0000";
							IF tempnum_1="0101" THEN
								tempnum_1<="0000";
								IF tempnum_2="1001" THEN
									tempnum_2<="0000";
									IF tempnum_3="0101" THEN
										tempnum_3<="0000";
										IF tempnum_4="0011" THEN
											tempnum_4<="0000";
											IF tempnum_5="0010" THEN
												tempnum_5<="0000";
											ELSE
												tempnum_5<= tempnum_5+ '1';
											END IF;
										ELSE
											tempnum_4<= tempnum_4+ '1';
										END IF;
									ELSE
										tempnum_3<=tempnum_3+ '1';
									END IF;
								ELSE
									tempnum_2<=tempnum_2+ '1'; 
								END IF;
							ELSE
								tempnum_1<= tempnum_1+ '1';
							END IF;
						ELSE
							tempnum_0<=tempnum_0+ '1';
						END IF;
ELSE
count_1s := count_1s + 1;
END IF;
end if;
END PROCESS;
	
process(en)
begin
if en'event and en='1' then
tempnum_0<=num_in0;
tempnum_1<=num_in1;
tempnum_2<=num_in2;
tempnum_3<=num_in3;
tempnum_4<=num_in4;
tempnum_5<=num_in5;
end if;
end process;
num0<=tempnum_0;
num1<=tempnum_1;
num2<=tempnum_2;
num3<=tempnum_3;
num4<=tempnum_4;
num5<=tempnum_5;
end behav;

上面第一个process就是一个简洁的计数器，自带分频，非常巧妙。上面代码典型的错误是在多个进程里对一个信号赋值，由于进程的并行性，这种操作是不允许的，会报错：

Error (10028): Can't resolve multiple constant drivers for net……

顺便提一下if与elsif语句，一般格式是

if 条件一 then 语句一
elsif 条件二 then 语句二
elsif 条件三 then 语句三
else 语句四
end if

编译时先判断是否满足条件一，若满足执行语句一，若不满足则判断是否满足条件二，若满足则执行语句二……层层推进。特别要注意的是，clk’event之后不能再接elsif，因为这样会判断为多边沿触发，报错提示

Error (10818): Can't infer register for …… at…… because it does not hold its value outside the clock edge