非关系型数据库概述-NoSQL

1. The advantage of the relational model
    Flexible, suits and data model
    Can integrate multiple applications via shared data store
    Standard within and between organizations
    Standard interface language SQL
    Ad-hoc queries, across and within ‘data aggregates’
    Fast, reliable, concurrent, consistent
2. The problems of the relational model
    Much data is tabular but some is not inherently tabular
    Big data: volume variety velocity
    distributed
3. The features and goals of NoSQL database
   Does not use relational model(tables)
   Does not use sql language
   Designed to run on distributed servers
   Most are open-source
   Built for the modern web
   Schema-less
   Eventually consistent
   Goal
   To improve programmer productivity
   To handle larger data volumes and throughput
4. JSON and Graphs
   JSON:
   JavaScript object Notation
   Represents a(JavaScript) object and its properties
   An object consists of a set of attribute-value pairs, including arrays of objects
   Has a ‘tree’ structure
   Originally used for transmitting data between computers
   Now the storage format for document databases
   Graph:
   A data structure consisting of nodes/vertices and arcs/edges
   Nodes represent entities
   Arcs represent relationships
   May be directed or undirected
   In a graph database:
   Nodes and arcs can have properties and types
   The emphasis is on relationships
5. Types of NoSQL
   Key-value store: Berkeley DB
   Document databases MongoDB
   Big table HBase
   Graph database
6. Nosql-1 Key-value store: Berkeley DB
   Key = primary key
   Value = anything (number array image JSON)
7. Nosql-2 Document database: (JSON)MongoDB
   Like a key-value db, except that ‘value’(document) is ‘examinable’ by the db, so its contents can be queried and updated
   Document = object represented as JSON file
   Examples: MongoDB…
8. Nosql-3 Column family: Big Table, HBase
   Columns rather than rows are stored together on disk. Makes analysis by column faster
9. Aggregate-oriented databases
   Key-value, document store and column-family are ‘aggregate-oriented’ databases
   Pros:
   Entire aggregate of data is stored together
   Less need for transactions
   Efficient storage on clusters/ distributed databases
   Cons:
   Hard to analyse across subfields of aggregates
10. Nosql-4 Graph database Neo4J
    Examples: Neo4J infinite Graph Tao
11. Distributed data the CAP theorem
    Consistency everyone always sees the same data
    Availability system stays up when nodes fail
    Partition Tolerance: System stays up when network between nodes fail.
12. ACID versus BASE
    ACID: Atomic consistent isolated durable
    BASE basically Available soft state eventual consistency
13. Some notable NoSQL user
    Google – Big Table- column storage
    Facebook Tao Giraph- graph database
    Amazon- simpleDB- column storage
    Instagram-Cassandra
    LinkedIn- MongoDB