Seata实现分布式事务详细操作步骤（基于springcloudalibaba_seata+nacos）

1. 下载seata：https://seata.io/zh-cn/blog/download.html

2. 修改seata配置文件：

server:
  port: 7090

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-server

logging:
  config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
  file:
    path: ${user.home}/logs/seata
  extend:
    logstash-appender:
      destination: 127.0.0.1:4560
    kafka-appender:
      bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
      topic: logback_to_logstash

console:
  user:
    username: seata
    password: seata

seata:
  config:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      namespace: 88336e25-4edb-4e61-8249-1727d5098ca4
      group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      username: nacos
      password: nacos
      data-id: seataServer.properties
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      namespace: 88336e25-4edb-4e61-8249-1727d5098ca4
      cluster: default
      username: nacos
      password: nacos
  security:
    secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017
    tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000
    ignore:
      urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-fe/public/**,/api/v1/auth/login

3. 配置信息存放nacos中，nacos增加配置信息

store.mode=db
 
store.redis.host=127.0.0.1
store.redis.port=6379
store.redis.maxConn=10
store.redis.minConn=1
store.redis.database=0
store.redis.queryLimit=100
 
#store.lock.mode=db
#store.session.mode=db
#store.publicKey=
 
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=root
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000
 
#Transaction rule configuration, only for the server
service.vgroupMapping.my_test_tx_group=default

server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
server.distributedLockExpireTime=10000
server.xaerNotaRetryTimeout=60000
server.session.branchAsyncQueueSize=5000
server.session.enableBranchAsyncRemove=false
 
#Transaction rule configuration, only for the client
client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=true
client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000
client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
client.rm.sagaJsonParser=fastjson
client.rm.tccActionInterceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000
client.tm.degradeCheck=false
client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10
client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000
client.tm.interceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.undo.dataValidation=true
client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
client.undo.logTable=undo_log
client.undo.compress.enable=true
client.undo.compress.type=zip
client.undo.compress.threshold=64k
 
#For TCC transaction mode
tcc.fence.logTableName=tcc_fence_log
tcc.fence.cleanPeriod=1h
 
#Log rule configuration, for client and server
log.exceptionRate=100
 
#Metrics configuration, only for the server
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898
 
transport.type=TCP
transport.server=NIO
transport.heartbeat=true
transport.enableTmClientBatchSendRequest=false
transport.enableRmClientBatchSendRequest=true
transport.enableTcServerBatchSendResponse=false
transport.rpcRmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTcRequestTimeout=30000
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
transport.shutdown.wait=3
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none

4. 创建seata数据库：

   CREATE TABLE `branch_table` (
     `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
     `xid` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
     `transaction_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
     `resource_group_id` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
     `resource_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
     `branch_type` varchar(8) DEFAULT NULL,
     `status` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
     `client_id` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
     `application_data` varchar(2000) DEFAULT NULL,
     `gmt_create` datetime(6) DEFAULT NULL,
     `gmt_modified` datetime(6) DEFAULT NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
     KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;


   CREATE TABLE `distributed_lock` (
     `lock_key` char(20) NOT NULL,
     `lock_value` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
     `expire` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (`lock_key`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

   INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', '0');
   INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', '0');
   INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', '0');
   INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', '0');
   INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` VALUES ('UndologDelete', ' ', '0');

   CREATE TABLE `global_table` (
     `xid` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
     `transaction_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
     `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
     `application_id` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
     `transaction_service_group` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
     `transaction_name` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
     `timeout` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
     `begin_time` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
     `application_data` varchar(2000) DEFAULT NULL,
     `gmt_create` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
     `gmt_modified` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
     KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status`,`gmt_modified`),
     KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;


   CREATE TABLE `lock_table` (
     `row_key` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
     `xid` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
     `transaction_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
     `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
     `resource_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
     `table_name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
     `pk` varchar(36) DEFAULT NULL,
     `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',
     `gmt_create` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
     `gmt_modified` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
     KEY `idx_status` (`status`),
     KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),
     KEY `idx_xid_and_branch_id` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

5. 启动seata

6. java项目引入seata依赖：

<!--seata-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

7. java项目application.yml中编写seata配置信息

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: test001-service
  tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
  # 是否自动开启数据源代理
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: true
  # 数据源代理模式，使用AT模式
  data-source-proxy-mode: AT
  client:
    rm:
      lock:
        # 校验或占用全局锁重试间隔，单位ms
        retry-interval: 10
        # 校验或占用全局锁重试次数
        retry-times: 30
        # 分支事务与其它全局回滚事务冲突时锁策略,true，优先释放本地锁让回滚成功
        retry-policy-branch-rollback-on-conflict: true
    tm:
      # 一阶段全局提交结果上报TC重试次数
      commit-retry-count: 5
      # 一阶段全局回滚结果上报TC重试次数
      rollback-retry-count: 5
      # 分布式事物超时时间
      default-global-transaction-timeout: 600000
      # 降级开关,false 不打开
      degrade-check: false
      degrade-check-period: 2000
      degrade-check-allow-times: 10
    undo:
      log-serialization: jackson
  service:
    # 全局事务开关
    disable-global-transaction: false
  # 配置中心，需要和 seata server 保持一致
  config:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      namespace: 88336e25-4edb-4e61-8249-1727d5098ca4
      server-addr: localhost:8848
      group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      data-id: seataServer.properties
  # 注册中心，需要和 seata server 保持一致
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      namespace: 88336e25-4edb-4e61-8249-1727d5098ca4
      server-addr: localhost:8848
  log:
    exception-rate: 100

8. 业务数据库中增加日志表：

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
  `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id',
  `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id',
  `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization',
  `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info',
  `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status',
  `log_created` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime',
  `log_modified` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime',
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='AT transaction mode undo table';

9. 编写业务代码demo

@DubboService
public class IotMenuDubboServiceImpl implements IotMenuDubboService {
    private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(IotMenuDubboServiceImpl.class);
    @Autowired
    private IotMenuService iotMenuService;
    @Autowired
    private IotUserBaseService iotUserBaseService;

    @GlobalTransactional(name = "my_test_tx_group",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    @Override
    public IotMenuEntity insertIotMenuEntity(IotMenuEntity iotMenuEntity) {
        IotMenuEntity menuEntity = iotMenuService.insertIotMenuEntity(iotMenuEntity);
        logger.info("插入菜单："+ JSON.toJSONString(menuEntity));
        IotUserBaseEntity userBaseEntity1 = new IotUserBaseEntity();
        userBaseEntity.setUserName("张三");
        userBaseEntity.setUserPass("12312312312");
        userBaseEntity.setEmail(UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-",""));
        userBaseEntity.setMobile("18864468766");
        userBaseEntity.setId(3L);
        int flag = iotUserBaseService.updateUser(userBaseEntity1);
        logger.info("更新状态："+ flag);
        int b=1/0;//制造异常使其回滚
        return menuEntity;
    }

10. 测试