网络基础设置1-----查看网络信息

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-30 09:45:20 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-30 09:45:20 发布

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分类专栏： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42480196/article/details/99465454

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使用ifconfig命令查看网络接口
ifconfig
查看所有网卡：ifconfig -a
查看指定网卡：ifconfig 设备名

例：[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.148.8  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.148.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe92:f615  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:92:f6:15  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 4519  bytes 4175981 (3.9 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 474  bytes 57047 (55.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 20  bytes 1728 (1.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 20  bytes 1728 (1.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

注：最小化安装，没有ifconfig的解决方法

例：root@localhost ~]# yum provides */ifconfig  #查看命令属于哪个安装包
	已加载插件：fastestmirror
	Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
	net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
	源    ：cdrom
	匹配来源：
	文件名    ：/sbin/ifconfig
	[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install net-tools
	已加载插件：fastestmirror
	Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
	正在解决依赖关系
	--> 正在检查事务
	......
	中间过程省略
	......
	 正在安装    : net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                     1/1 
	 验证中      : net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                                   1/1 
	
	已安装:
	  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7                                                                                                   
	
	完毕！

使用ip 、ethtool查看网络接口
查看网络接口的数据链路层信息：ip link

例：[root@localhost ~]# ip link
	1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT 
	    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
	2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
	    link/ether 00:0c:29:92:f6:15 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

查看网络接口的网络层信息：ip a

例：[root@localhost ~]# ip a
	1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
	    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
	    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
	       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
	    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
	       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
	2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
	    link/ether 00:0c:29:92:f6:15 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
	    inet 192.168.148.8/24 brd 192.168.148.255 scope global eno16777728
	       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
	    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe92:f615/64 scope link 
	       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看指定网络接口的接口速率，模式信息：ethtool 网卡名

例：[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig | head -1
	eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
	[root@localhost ~]# ethtool eno16777728
	Settings for eno16777728:
		Supported ports: [ TP ]
		Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
		                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
		                        1000baseT/Full 
		Supported pause frame use: No
		Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
		Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
		                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
		                        1000baseT/Full 
		Advertised pause frame use: No
		Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
		Speed: 1000Mb/s    #接口速率
		Duplex: Full    #双工模式 
		Port: Twisted Pair
		PHYAD: 0
		Transceiver: internal
		Auto-negotiation: on
		MDI-X: off (auto)
		Supports Wake-on: d
		Wake-on: d
		Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
				       drv probe link
		Link detected: yes

查看路由表信息
route
-n ：不执行DNS反向查找，直接以数字的形式显示IP地址

例：[root@localhost ~]# route -n 
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.148.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eno16777728
192.168.148.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eno16777728

查看网络连接情况
netstat
-a：显示当前主机所有活动网络信息
-n:以数字的形式显示
-t:显示TCP协议有关信息
-u:显示UDP协议相关信息
-p:显示进程号，进程名称等信息
-l:只查看监听状态的进程
-r:显示路由表信息

例：[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antp
	Active Internet connections (servers and established)
	Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
	tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1376/sshd           
	tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1549/master         
	tcp        0      0 192.168.148.8:22        192.168.148.1:55532     ESTABLISHED 2072/sshd: root@pts 
	tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1376/sshd           
	tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1549/master         
	[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anup
	Active Internet connections (servers and established)
	Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name

补充：
ss -aupt
lsfo -i :22

例：[root@localhost ~]# ss -aupt
	Netid  State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                   Local Address:Port                                       Peer Address:Port   
	tcp    LISTEN     0      128                                                  *:ssh                                                   *:*        users:(("sshd",1376,3))
	tcp    LISTEN     0      100                                          127.0.0.1:smtp                                                  *:*        users:(("master",1549,13))
	tcp    ESTAB      0      0                                        192.168.148.8:ssh                                       192.168.148.1:55532    users:(("sshd",2072,3))
	tcp    LISTEN     0      128                                                 :::ssh                                                  :::*        users:(("sshd",1376,4))
	tcp    LISTEN     0      100                                                ::1:smtp                                                 :::*        users:(("master",1549,14))
	[root@localhost ~]# 
	[root@localhost ~]# lsof -i:22
	COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
	sshd    1376 root    3u  IPv4  17254      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
	sshd    1376 root    4u  IPv6  17256      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)

5.测试网络连通性
ping 命令
-c：指定发送数据包的个数
-i：ping通时，间隔多少秒发送下一个数据包
-w:ping不通是，指定发送的每个数据包的超时时间
-s：指定数据包的大小

例：[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 4 www.baidu.com
	PING www.a.shifen.com (182.61.200.7) 56(84) bytes of data.
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=12.5 ms
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=6.89 ms
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=12.2 ms
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.7: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=6.55 ms
	
	--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
	4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3029ms
	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 6.556/9.556/12.539/2.837 ms
	[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 4 -i 3 www.baidu.com
	PING www.a.shifen.com (182.61.200.6) 56(84) bytes of data.
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=10.6 ms
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=22.4 ms
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=4.99 ms
	64 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=11.7 ms
	
	--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
	4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 9029ms
	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.990/12.464/22.481/6.324 ms
	[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 4 -s 100 www.baidu.com
	PING www.a.shifen.com (182.61.200.6) 100(128) bytes of data.
	108 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=7.80 ms
	108 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=16.6 ms
	108 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=4.85 ms
	108 bytes from 182.61.200.6: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=8.26 ms
	
	--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
	4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3023ms
	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.852/9.394/16.650/4.389 ms
	
	补充：常见的TTL值
	Windows：128
	linux：64
	Unix：255
	Cisco：255

跟踪数据包的途径
traceroute
-n : 不执行DNS反向查找，直接显示数字形式IP地址

例：[root@localhost ~]# 
	[root@localhost ~]# traceroute -n www.baidu.com
	traceroute to www.baidu.com (182.61.200.6), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
	 1  192.168.148.2  0.277 ms  0.164 ms  0.084 ms
	 2  * * *
	 3  * * *
	 4  * * *

DNS域名解析
nslookup 地址

例：[root@localhost ~]# nslookup www.baidu.com
	Server:		202.106.46.151
	Address:	202.106.46.151#53
	
	Non-authoritative answer:
	www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
	Name:	www.a.shifen.com
	Address: 182.61.200.7
	Name:	www.a.shifen.com
	Address: 182.61.200.6

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网络基础设置1-----查看网络信息

使用ifconfig命令查看网络接口ifconfig查看所有网卡：ifconfig -a查看指定网卡：ifconfig 设备名例：[root@localhost ~]# ifconfigeno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.148.8 ...
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