Android初步进阶之网络编程

将介绍Android上的网络编程。包括HttpURLConnection及Volley、OKHttp、Retrofit框架。（HttpClient由于被淘汰，不予以介绍）

1. HttpURLConnection的使用
   使用GET方法。注意在AndroidMainifest.xml中加入使用网络的权限。

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

使用方法如下：

fun get():String{
       var message:String = ""
        try{
            val url:URL = URL("https://www.baidu.com")
            val connection:HttpURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
            connection.requestMethod = "GET"
            connection.connectTimeout = 5000
            connection.connect()
            val inputStream:InputStream = connection.inputStream
            var data:ByteArray = ByteArray(1024)
            var sb:StringBuilder = StringBuilder()
            var length:Int = inputStream.read(data)
            while (length != -1){
                var s:String = String(data, Charset.forName("utf-8"))
                sb.append(s)
                length = inputStream.read(data)
            }
            message = sb.toString()
            inputStream.close()
            connection.disconnect()
        }catch (e:IOException){
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
        return message
    }

输出为网页代码，过长不展示。
Post使用需要加入这些关键代码：

connection.requestMethod = "POST"
connection.doOutput = true
connection.doInput = true
 connection.useCaches = false
connection.connectTimeout = 30000
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/x-javascript->json")
connection.connect()
val outputStream: OutputStream = connection.outputStream
outputStream.write(param.toByteArray())//param格式：属性=xxx&属性1=xxxx

2. Volley
   依赖导入：

compile group: 'com.android.volley', name: 'volley', version: '1.1.1'

Volley是一个通信框架，为了简化之前的方法，同时提升效率和安全。用法如下：

     /**
     * volley
     */
    private fun volley_get(){
        val mQueue:RequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(applicationContext)
        val mStringRequest:StringRequest = StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, "https://www.baidu.com", Response.Listener {
            println(it)
        }, Response.ErrorListener {
            println("Error:$it")
        })
        mQueue.add(mStringRequest)
    }
    /**
     * volley post
     */
    private fun volley_post(){
        val mQueue:RequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(applicationContext)
        val mJsonObjectRequest:JsonObjectRequest = JsonObjectRequest("https://ip.taobao.com/service/getInfo.php?ip=59.108.54.37",null,
        Response.Listener<JSONObject> {
            println(it.toString())
        }, Response.ErrorListener {
                println("Error$it")
            })
      //JsonObjectRequest(Request.Method.Post, Url, JsonParams,Listener(), ErrorListener())
        mQueue.add(mJsonObjectRequest)
}

没有后台好烦。另外，还有ImageRequest、ImageLoader、NetworkImageView、NetworkImageView。
3. OKHttp
OKHttp比较好用吧。很OK
依赖导入：

compile group: 'com.squareup.okhttp3', name: 'okhttp', version: '4.10.0-RC1'
compile group: 'com.squareup.okio', name: 'okio', version: '2.9.0'

• 首先，使用GET，如果你和我一样懒的话，在一个文件中测试，如果找不到Request.Builder，记得更换导入的 Request，可能使用的是上一个Volley的。

rivate fun get(){
        val requestBuilder: Request.Builder = Request.Builder().url("https://www.baidu.com")
        requestBuilder.method("GET", null)
        val request:Request = requestBuilder.build()
        val mOkHttpClient:OkHttpClient = OkHttpClient()
        val mCall: Call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request)
        mCall.enqueue(object:Callback{
            override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {

            }

            override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: okhttp3.Response) {
                println(response.body!!.string())
            }
        })
    }

• 然后，是Post。

private fun post(){
        val formBody:RequestBody = FormBody.Builder()
                                           .add("ip", "59.108.54.37")
                                           .build()
        val request:Request = Request.Builder()
            .url("https://ip.taobao.com/service/getInfo.php")
            .post(formBody)
            .build()
        val mOkHttpClient:OkHttpClient = OkHttpClient()
        val call:Call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request)
        call.enqueue(object :Callback{
            override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: okhttp3.Response) {
                println(response.body!!.string())
            }

            override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {
                println("ERROR!")
            }
        })
}

设置超时等。

mOkHttpClient.newBuilder()
            .connectTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .writeTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECOND）

4. Retrofit的使用
   它是由Square公司开发的一款针对Android网络请求的框架，底层基于OKHttp实现。运行时采用注解的方式提供功能，是它的特点。
   依赖导入：

compile group: 'com.squareup.retrofit2', name: 'retrofit', version: '2.9.0'
compile group: 'com.squareup.retrofit2', name: 'converter-gson', version: '2.9.0'

Retrofit的注解分为三类：HTTP请求方法注解、标记类注解和参数类注解。HTTP注解有8种：GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、HEAD、PATCH、OPTIONS和HTTP。HTTP可以替换前7种，也可以扩展请求方法。标记类注解有3种，它们是FormUrlEncoded、Multipart、Streaming。参数类注解有Header、Headers、Body、Path、Field、FieldMap、Part、PartMap、Query、QueryMap。

• @GET使用：

data class IpModel(var country:String){}
public interface IPservice{
        @GET("getIpInfo.php?ip=59.108.54.37")
        fun getIp():Call<IpModel>
}
private fun get(){
        val url:String = "https://ip.taobao.com/service/"
        val retrofit:Retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl(url)
            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
            .build()
        val ipService:IPservice = retrofit.create(IPservice::class.java)
        val call:Call<IpModel> = ipService.getIp()
        call.enqueue(object : Callback<IpModel> {
            override fun onResponse(call: Call<IpModel>, response: retrofit2.Response<IpModel>) {
                println(response.body()!!.country)
            }

            override fun onFailure(call: Call<IpModel>, t: Throwable) {

            }
        })
}

• @Path使用，可以将Path替换为具体网址

public interface IpServiceForPath{
	@GET("{path}/getIpInfo.php?ip=59.108.54.37")
	fun getIpMsg(@Path("path") path:String):Call<IpModel> 
}

• 另外，还有@Query

public interface IpServiceForQuery{
	@GET("getIpInfo.php")
	fun getIpMsg(@Query("ip") ip:String):Call<IpModel> 
}

• @QueryMap

public interface IpServiceForQuery{
	@GET("getIpInfo.php")
	fun getIpMsg(@QueryMap options:Map<String, String>):Call<IpModel> 
}

• 下面是POST的注释
• @Field使用键值对方式

public interface IpServiceForQuery{
	@FormUrlEncoded
	@POST("getIpInfo.php")
	fun getIpMsg(@Field("ip") first:String):Call<IpModel> 
}

• @Body发送Json格式的数据

public interface IpServiceForQuery{
	@POST("getIpInfo.php")
	fun getIpMsg(@Body ip:Ip):Call<IpModel> 
}
data class Ip(private var ip:String){}

• @Part单个文件上传

public interface IpServiceForPart{
	@Multipart
	@POST("user/photo")
	fun updateUser(@Part photo:MultipartBody.Part, @Part("description") description:RequestBody):Call<IpModel> 
}

• @PartMap多个文件上传
• @Headers添加消息报头