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Behavior of a water drop impinging on heated porous surfaces was investigated experimentally and then a numerical solver was developed to predict the spreading/penetrating motion. Four porous substrates were prepared by sintering the glass particles with different sizes (60 - 270 μm in diameter). A water droplet was directed to the porous substrates with the initial wall temperature varying from 60ºC to 300ºC. The impinging Weber numbers ranged from 25 to 200 that correspond to the impact velocities from 0.8 m/s to 2.3 m/s for a water drop of 2.6 mm in diameter. The post-impingement behavior was visualized by using a high-speed camera, and the time variation of the surface temperature distribution was measured with the aid of a high-speed IR camera. The post-impingement regime map was constructed based on the observation. Basically three impingement regimes were identified: full-contact regime in the low temperature range and non-contact regime in the high temperature range, and the partial-contact regime between them. The full-contact regime, in which the drop evaporated or boiled while in contact with the surface without any disintegration, was divided into two sub-regimes: internal evaporation and internal boiling. In the partial-contact regime, a vigorous vapor nucleation was observed at the interface between the drop and the surface, which resulted in formation of the secondary droplets. In the non-contact regime, the drop was levitated but at a lower wall temperature with the larger-bead substrates due to more active nucleation on the rougher surfaces. The increase in the Weber number resulted in the higher transition temperature to the non-contact regime. This is considered to be due to the increase of the dynamic pressure at the liquid-solid interface at the instant of impact. Time variation of the surface temperature was also examined. The temperature sharply decreased right after the drop impact, and then increased with time to reach a thermal equilibrium between the penetrated liquid drop and the porous solid structure (phase I). Then the surface temperature decreased again along with the evaporation of the liquid (phase II), and finally increased up to the initial wall temperature upon completion of evaporation (phase III). The total evaporation time decreased with the larger wet-area diameter, which could be achieved with the larger impact velocity. However, there existed an optimum pore size (or size of particles) to show the maximum wet-area diameter and the shortest evaporation time. The spreading diameter and the wet-area diameter turned out to be the major indicators of the cooling performance, which were strongly influenced by both the impact condition and the characteristics of the porous substrates. In order to examine the spreading/penetrating behavior of the impinging drop against porous substrates in detail, a simulation solver (porousInterFoamWoo) was developed. The solver is based on the open source code, OpenFOAM, but the governing equations were modified from those in a pre-adapted VOF solver (porousInterFoam). The effects of the porosity on the displacement of the liquid-vapor interface and the capillary wicking force were additionally considered in the solver. A capillary-rise experiment and a one-dimensional pressure drop measurement were performed to validate the porousInterFoamWoo solver. Finally, the spreading/penetrating behavior of an impinging water drop against the porous substrates was simulated and compared with the experimental data. The solver predicted the time variations of the spreading and the wet-area diameters with a reasonable accuracy. An improved version of the solver that can predict the temperature distribution as well is currently under construction.

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