Python常见函数汇总

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-19 22:26:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-19 22:26:10 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42519759/article/details/105265104

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1、lambda X：X+2 用法类似于

def fun(x):
    return x+2

2、for in if：

lis=[12,4,5,34,65,3,2]
res=[i for i in lis if i>10]
print(res)

res=[]
for i in lis:
    if i>10:
        res.append(i)
print(res)

#输出1-10的奇数
a=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
res=[i for i in a if i%2==1]
print(res)

#输出列表的偶数
a=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
res=[i for i in a if i%2==0]
print(res)

a=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
for i in a:
    if i%2==1:
        a.remove(i)
print(a)

a=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
b=[]
for i in a:
    if i%2==0:
        b.append(i)
print(b)

#for嵌套
a=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9,10]]
res=[j for i in a for j in i]
print("res=",res)
b=[]
for i in a:
    for j in i:
        b.append(j)
print("b=",b)
#结果：res= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]   b= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

3、from collections import Counter，实现字符串，字母个数计算

from collections import Counter
s="kjalfj;ldsjafl;hdsllfdhg;lahfbl;hl;ahlf;h"
res=Counter(s)
print(res)

s="kjalfj;ldsjafl;hdsllfdhg;lahfbl;hl;ahlf;h"
ss=set(s)
ss=list(ss)
ss.sort()
print(ss)
sl=list(s)
sl.sort()
n = 0
res=[]
for i in range(len(ss)):
    for j in range(i+n,len(sl)-1):
        a=ss[i]
        b=sl[j]
        if ss[i]==sl[j]:
            n=n+1
    res.append(n)
    n=0
dic=dict(zip(ss,res))
print(res)
print(dic)

4、list相关函数

4.1 extend

#两个列表[1,5,7,9]和[2,2,6,8]合并为[1,2,2,3,6,7,8,9]
a=[1,5,7,9]
b=[2,2,6,8]
a.extend(b)
a.sort()
print(a)
#或
a=[1,5,7,9]
b=[2,2,6,8]
s=a+b
s.sort()
print(s)

5、join()

#x="abc",y="def",z=["d","e","f"],分别求出x.join(y)和x.join(z)
x="abc"
y="def"
z=["d","e","f"]
m=x.join(y)
n=x.join(z)
print(m)
print(n)

6、变量交换值

a,b,c=2,3,4
print(a,b,c)
a,b,c=c,a,b
print(a,b,c)
#结果：2 3 4   结果：4 2 3

7、zip(),将列表并排的元素配对，返回一个元组

a=['a','b','c','d','e']
b=[1,2,3,4]
res1=dict(zip(a,b))
res2=sorted(dict(zip(a,b)).items(),key=lambda i:i[0],reverse=False)
res3=[i for i in zip(a,b)]
print('res1=',res1)
print('res2=',res2)
print('res3=',res3)
#res1= {'d': 4, 'b': 2, 'a': 1, 'c': 3}
#res2= [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]
#res3= [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]

8、encode（）

#a="hello"和b="你好"编码成bytes类型
a=b"hello"
b="你好".encode()
print('a=',a ,'  b=',b)
print(type(a),type(b))
#a= b'hello'   
#b= b'\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd'
#<class 'bytes'> <class 'bytes'>