java迭代器创建后mutx锁,多线程编程(10) - 多线程同步之 Mutex (互斥对象)

原理分析:

互斥对象是系统内核对象, 各线程都可以拥有它, 谁拥有谁就能执行;

执行完毕, 用 ReleaseMutex 函数释放拥有权, 以让其他等待的线程使用.

其他线程可用 WaitForSingleObject 函数排队等候(等候也可以理解为排队申请).

使用过程:

var hMutex: THandle; {应该先声明一个全局的互斥句柄}

CreateMutex {建立一个互斥对象}

WaitForSingleObject {用等待函数排队等候}

ReleaseMutex {释放拥有权}

CloseHandle {最后释放互斥对象}

ReleaseMutex、CloseHandle 的参数都是 CreateMutex 返回的句柄, 关键是 CreateMutex 函数:

function CreateMutex(

lpMutexAttributes: PSecurityAttributes;

bInitialOwner: BOOL; {是否让创建者(此例中是主线程)拥有该互斥对象}

lpName: PWideChar {可以给此互斥对象取个名字, 如果不要名字可赋值为 nil}

): THandle;

{

1、第一个参数前面说过.

2、第二个参数在这里一定要是 False, 如果让主线程拥有互斥, 从理论上讲, 得等程序退出后其他线程才有机会;

取值 False 时, 第一个执行的线程将会最先拥有互斥对象, 一旦拥有其他线程就得先等等.

3、第三个参数, 如果给个名字, 函数将从系统中寻找是否有重名的互斥对象, 如果有则返回同名对象的存在的句柄;

如果赋值为 nil 将直接创建一个新的互斥对象; 下个例子将会有名字. }

本例效果图:

代码文件:

unit Unit1;

interface

uses

Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,

Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type

TForm1 = class(TForm)

Button1: TButton;

procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);

procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);

end;

var

Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

var

f: Integer; {用这个变量协调一下各线程输出的位置}

hMutex: THandle; {互斥对象的句柄}

function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;

var

i,y: Integer;

begin

Inc(f);

y := 20 * f;

for i := 0 to 50000 do

begin

if WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then

begin

Form1.Canvas.Lock;

Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));

Form1.Canvas.Unlock;

Sleep(0); {稍稍耽搁一点, 不然有时 Canvas 会协调不过来}

ReleaseMutex(hMutex);

end;

end;

Result := 0;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

var

ThreadID: DWORD;

begin

Repaint;

f := 0;

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);

begin

hMutex := CreateMutex(nil, False, nil);

end;

procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);

begin

CloseHandle(hMutex);

end;

end.

窗体文件:

object Form1: TForm1

Left = 0

Top = 0

Caption = 'Form1'

ClientHeight = 140

ClientWidth = 192

Color = clBtnFace

Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET

Font.Color = clWindowText

Font.Height = -11

Font.Name = 'Tahoma'

Font.Style = []

OldCreateOrder = False

OnCreate = FormCreate

PixelsPerInch = 96

TextHeight = 13

object Button1: TButton

Left = 109

Top = 107

Width = 75

Height = 25

Caption = 'Button1'

TabOrder = 0

OnClick = Button1Click

end

end

SyncObjs 单元下有封装好的 TMutex 类, 好像不如 Api 快, 内部机制也稍有区别, 但使用方法差不多:

unit Unit1;

interface

uses

Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,

Dialogs, StdCtrls;

type

TForm1 = class(TForm)

Button1: TButton;

procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);

procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);

end;

var

Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

uses SyncObjs;

var

f: Integer;

MyMutex: TMutex;

function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;

var

i,y: Integer;

begin

Inc(f);

y := 20 * f;

for i := 0 to 50000 do

begin

if MyMutex.WaitFor(INFINITE) = wrSignaled then

begin

Form1.Canvas.Lock;

Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));

Form1.Canvas.Unlock;

MyMutex.Release;

end;

end;

Result := 0;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

var

ThreadID: DWORD;

begin

Repaint;

f := 0;

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);

end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);

begin

MyMutex := TMutex.Create(False);

end;

procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);

begin

MyMutex.Free;

end;

end.