SCSI disk limitations on Linux
https://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dsichelp/ds8000ic/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.storage.ssic.help.doc/f2c_linuxscsilimit_2hsag9.html
Newer kernels are moving to a dynamic configuration method that will use any available major numbers after the first 16 reserved major numbers have been used. The latest SuSE SLES 8 kernel errata includes this change and imposes a limit of no more than 144 major numbers allocated to SCSI disk devices. Thus these kernels can support up to 2304 disk devices.
In general, the following formula provides the maximum number of devices for Linux host systems: Number of devices = (number of major numbers) x (number of minor numbers) ÷ (number of partitions). For example, Number of devices = 8 x 256 ÷ 16 = 128 or Number of devices = 144 x 256 ÷ 16 = 2304.
For the Linux 2.6 kernels the number of major and minor bits has been increased to 12 and 20 bits respectively, thus Linux 2.6 kernels can support thousands of disks. There is still the limitation of only up to 15 partitions per disk.