一、运行AboutException.java,解释为什么会出现这样的结果
import javax.swing.*;
class AboutException {
public static void main(String[] a)
{
int i=1, j=0, k;
k=i/j;
try
{
k = i/j; //Causes division-by-zero exception
throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");
}
catch ( ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println("被0除. "+ e.getMessage());
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)
System.out.println("被0除");
else
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
finally
{
JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK "+k);
}
}
}
(1)运行结果为
(2)分析
在java中Throwable类有两个直接子类:Exception:出现的问题是可以被捕获的;Error:系统错误,通常由JVM处理。可捕获的异常又可以分为两类:(1)Check异常:直接派生自Exception的异常类,必须被捕获或再次声明抛出(2)Runtime异常:派生自RuntimeException的异常类。而AboutException.java中出现的错误就是Runtime出现的异常,
二、解释奇怪的现象
(1) int i=1, j=0, k;
k=i/j;
(2) double d1=100,d2=0,result;
result=d1/d2;
System.out.println("浮点数除以零:" + data);
(1)的代码运行时会引发异常,而(2)的代码不会引发异常!为什么?
·原因分析
因为对于(1)而言,java生成的是idiv字节码指令,而(2)java生成的是ddiv字节码指令,JVM在具体实现这两个指令是,采用了不同的处理策略,导致两段代码运行时得到不同的结果
三、阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果:
public class CatchWho {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch");
}
throw new ArithmeticException();
}
catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");
}
}
}
结果为:
public class CatchWho2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
try {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch");
}
throw new ArithmeticException();
}
catch(ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");
}
}
}
结果为:
总结:
throw一个异常后,必须catch成功,才能throw下一个异常,系统不能累积处理异常!
四、多个嵌套,请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结。
public class EmbededFinally {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int result;
try {
System.out.println("in Level 1");
try {
System.out.println("in Level 2");
// result=100/0; //Level 2
try {
System.out.println("in Level 3");
result=100/0; //Level 3
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());
}
finally {
System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");
}
// result=100/0; //Level 2
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());
}
finally {
System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");
}
// result = 100 / 0; //level 1
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());
}
finally {
System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");
}
}
}
结果为:
总结:当有多层嵌套的finally时,异常在不同的层次抛出 ,在不同的位置抛出,可能会导致不同的finally语句块执行顺序。
五、finally语句块一定会执行吗?
public class SystemExitAndFinally {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try{
System.out.println("in main");
throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");
//System.exit(0);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
System.exit(0);
}
finally
{
System.out.println("in finally");
}
}
}
结果为:
不一定,因为当代码 System.exit(0);意思是,终止JAVA虚拟机,导致不能执行finally的内容!
六、课后作业
import java.util.*;
public class score {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner str=new Scanner(System.in);
String score;
System.out.println("请输入成绩:");
while(true)
{
try
{
score=str.next();
if(score.matches("\\D*"))
throw new InputException();
else
{
int proo=Integer.parseInt(score);
System.out.println("输入正确!");
judge(proo);
break;
}
}
catch(InputException e)
{
System.out.println("请输入数字");
}
}
str.close();
}
public static void judge(int pro)
{
if(pro>=0&&pro<60)
System.out.println("成绩不合格!");
else if(pro<70)
System.out.println("成绩合格!");
else if(pro<80)
System.out.println("成绩中!");
else if(pro<90)
System.out.println("成绩良!");
else if(pro<=100)
System.out.println("成绩优!");
else
System.out.println("输入成绩只能在1~·100之间");
}
}
class InputException extends Exception{}
运行结果