java fianlly_java finally

一.使用finally进行清理

对于一些代码,可能会希望无论try块中的异常是否被抛出,它们都能得到执行,这通常适用于内存回收之外的情况(内存回收由垃圾回收器完成),为了达到这个效果,可以异常处理程序后面加上finally子句,完整的异常处理程序看起来像这样:

try{//The guarded region: dangerous activities//that might throw A. B. or C

} catch(A a1){//Handler for situation A

} catch(B b1){//Handler for situation B

} catch(C c1){//Handler for situation C

} finally{//Activities that happen every time

}

为了证明finaly总会被执行,可以试试下面的程序

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/FinallyWorks.java//The finally clause is always executed.

class ThreeException extendsException {}public classFinallyWorks {static int count = 0;public static voidmain(String[] args) {while(true) {try{//Post-increment is zero first time:

if(count++ == 0)throw newThreeException();

System.out.println("No exception");

}catch(ThreeException e) {

System.out.println("ThreeException");

}finally{

System.out.println("In finally clause");//在异常被抛出是执行了一次,在System.out.println(Noexception")后又执行了一次if(count == 2) break; //out of "while"

}

}

}

}/*Output:

ThreeException

In finally clause

No exception

In finally clause*///:~

可以看到无论异常是否被抛出,finally子句总会被执行.这个程序也给了我们一些思路,当java中的异常不允许我们回到异常抛出的地点,那么如何应对呢? 如果把try块放在循环里,就建立了一个"程序继续执行之前必须要达到"的条件,还可以加入static类型的计数器或者别的装置,使循环在放弃以前能尝试一定的次数,这将使程序的健壮性更上一个台阶

二. finally可以用来做什么

1.) Java中使用finally一般把除内存之外的资源恢复到它们的初始状态时.这种需要清理的资源包括:已经打开的文件或网络连接,在屏幕上画的图形,甚至可以是外部世界的某个开关

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/Switch.java

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;public classSwitch {private boolean state = false;public boolean read() { returnstate; }public void on() { state = true; print(this); }public void off() { state = false; print(this); }public String toString() { return state ? "on" : "off"; }

}///:~

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/OnOffException1.java

public class OnOffException1 extends Exception {} ///:~

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/OnOffException2.java

public class OnOffException2 extends Exception {} ///:~

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/OnOffSwitch.java//Why use finally?

public classOnOffSwitch {private static Switch sw = newSwitch();public static voidf()throwsOnOffException1,OnOffException2 {}public static voidmain(String[] args) {try{

sw.on();//Code that can throw exceptions...

f();

sw.off();

}catch(OnOffException1 e) {

System.out.println("OnOffException1");

sw.off();//异常未被捕获,sw.off没有执行

}catch(OnOffException2 e) {

System.out.println("OnOffException2");

sw.off();

}

}

}/*Output:

on

off*///:~

程序的目的是确保main()结束时开关必须关闭,所以每个try块和异常处理程序的末尾都加入了对sw.off()方法的调用,但也可能异常被抛出,但没有被处理程序捕获,这是sw.off()就得不到调用,但有了finally,只要把try块中清理的代码移放到一起即可

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/WithFinally.java//Finally Guarantees cleanup.

public classWithFinally {static Switch sw = newSwitch();public static voidmain(String[] args) {try{

sw.on();//Code that can throw exceptions...

OnOffSwitch.f();

}catch(OnOffException1 e) {

System.out.println("OnOffException1");

}catch(OnOffException2 e) {

System.out.println("OnOffException2");

}finally{

sw.off();

}

}

}/*Output:

on

off*///:~

2. 异常处理机制会在跳到更高一层的异常处理程序之前,执行finall当涉及到break和continue语句时finally也会被执行

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/AlwaysFinally.java//Finally is always executed.

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;class FourException extendsException {}public classAlwaysFinally {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

print("Entering first try block");try{

print("Entering second try block");try{throw newFourException();

}finally{

print("finally in 2nd try block");

}

}catch(FourException e) {

System.out.println("Caught FourException in 1st try block");

}finally{

System.out.println("finally in 1st try block");

}

}

}/*Output:

Entering first try block

Entering second try block

finally in 2nd try block

Caught FourException in 1st try block

finally in 1st try block*///:~

三.在return中使用finally

1.) 因为finally子句总是会执行,所以在一个方法中,可以从多个点返回,并且可以保证重要清理工作仍旧会执行.从输出可以看出在fianlly类内部,从何处返回无关紧要,return语句返回之前会执行finally子句的代码块.

packageexceptions;//: exceptions/MultipleReturns.java

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;public classMultipleReturns {public static void f(inti) {

print("Initialization that requires cleanup");try{

print("Point 1");if(i == 1) return;

print("Point 2");if(i == 2) return;

print("Point 3");if(i == 3) return;

print("End");return;

}finally{

print("Performing cleanup");

}

}public static voidmain(String[] args) {for(int i = 1; i <= 4; i++)

f(i);

}

}/*Output:

Initialization that requires cleanup

Point 1

Performing cleanup

Initialization that requires cleanup

Point 1

Point 2

Performing cleanup

Initialization that requires cleanup

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3

Performing cleanup

Initialization that requires cleanup

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3

End

Performing cleanup*///:~