经过前面三期的学习,相信大家对MySQL有了一定的了解,基础知识了解的差不多了,大家现在一定跃跃欲试,想看看自己到底掌握得怎样吧?那么,这一期就是MySQL项目了实战了。
一、数据导入/导出
参考:
MySql csv文件导入导出 - 那一剑的風情 - 博客园www.cnblogs.com二、项目实战
项目七: 各部门工资最高的员工(难度:中等)
创建Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
创建Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
参考:
#创建Department表
CREATE TABLE Department
(
Id INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(20)
);
#创建Employee表
CREATE TABLE Employee
(
Id INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(20),
Salary INT,
DepartmentId int,
CONSTRAINT f_fk FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentId) REFERENCES Department(Id)
);
#给Department表插入数据
INSERT INTO Department
VALUE(1, 'IT'), (2, 'Sales');
#给Employee表插入数据
INSERT INTO Employee
VALUES(1, 'Joe', 70000, 1),
(2, 'Henry', 80000, 2),
(3, 'Sam', 60000, 2),
(4, 'Max', 90000, 1);
#方法一:
SELECT e.Name Employee, d.Name Department, e.Salary
FROM (SELECT DepartmentId, MAX(Salary) Salary
FROM Employee
GROUP BY DepartmentId) m, Employee e, Department d
WHERE m.DepartmentId = e.DepartmentId
AND m.Salary = e.Salary
AND e.DepartmentId = d.Id
ORDER BY Salary DESC;
#方法二:
SELECT e.Name Employee, d.Name Department, e.Salary
FROM Employee e
JOIN Department d
ON e.DepartmentId = d.Id
WHERE (e.Salary, e.DepartmentId) IN(
SELECT MAX(Salary) Salary, DepartmentId
FROM Employee
GROUP BY DepartmentId)
ORDER BY Salary DESC;
项目八: 换座位(难度:中等)
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
请创建如下所示seat表:
示例:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
注意:
如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。
参考:
#创建表seat
CREATE TABLE seat
(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
student VARCHAR(25)
);
#插入数据
INSERT INTO seat
VALUES(1, 'Abbot'),
(2, 'Doris'),
(3, 'Emerson'),
(4, 'Green'),
(5, 'Jeames');
#方法一:
SELECT (CASE
WHEN MOD(id, 2) = 1 AND id != (SELECT MAX(id) FROM seat) THEN id + 1
WHEN MOD(id, 2) = 0 THEN id- 1
ELSE id
END) id, student
FROM seat
ORDER BY id;
#方法二:
SELECT
IF(MOD(id, 2) = 1,
IF(id != (SELECT MAX(id) FROM seat), id, id + 1), id - 1) id, student
FROM seat
ORDER BY id;
项目九: 分数排名(难度:中等)
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下score表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
参考:
#创建表
CREATE TABLE score
(
Id INT PRIMARY KEY,
Score FLOAT
);
#插入数据
INSERT INTO score
VALUES(1, 3.50),
(2, 3.65),
(3, 4.00),
(4, 3.85),
(5, 4.00),
(6, 3.65);
#排名
SELECT Score, DENSE_RANK()OVER(ORDER BY Score DESC) Ranks
FROM score;
项目十:行程和用户(难度:困难)
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。
+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
+------------+-------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
+------------+-------------------+
参考:
#创建表Trips
CREATE TABLE If NOT EXISTS Trips
(
Id INT,
Client_Id INT,
Driver_Id INT,
City_Id INT,
Status ENUM('completed','cancelled_by_driver', 'cancelled_by_client'),
Request_at VARCHAR(50)
);
#创建表Users
CREATE TABLE If NOT EXISTS Users
(
Users_Id INT,
Banned VARCHAR(50),
Role ENUM('client', 'driver', 'partner')
);
#插入数据
INSERT INTO Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id,City_Id, Status, Request_at)
VALUES('1', '1', '10', '1', 'completed','2013-10-01'),
('2', '2', '11', '1','cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-01'),
('3', '3', '12', '6', 'completed','2013-10-01'),
('4', '4', '13', '6','cancelled_by_client', '2013-10-01'),
('5', '1', '10', '1', 'completed','2013-10-02'),
('6', '2', '11', '6', 'completed','2013-10-02'),
('7', '3', '12', '6', 'completed','2013-10-02'),
('8', '2', '12', '12', 'completed','2013-10-03'),
('9', '3', '10', '12', 'completed','2013-10-03'),
('10', '4', '13', '12','cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-03');
INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES('1', 'No', 'client'),
('2', 'Yes', 'client'),
('3', 'No', 'client'),
('4', 'No', 'client'),
('10', 'No', 'driver'),
('11', 'No', 'driver'),
('12', 'No', 'driver'),
('13', 'No', 'driver');
#查询取消率
SELECT t.Request_at Day,
ROUND(SUM((CASE
WHEN t.Status LIKE 'cancelled%' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END))/COUNT(*),2) 'Cancellation Rate'
FROM Trips t
JOIN Users u
ON u.Users_Id =t.Client_Id AND u.Banned = 'No'
WHERE t.Request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY t.Request_at;
项目十一:各部门前3高工资的员工(难度:中等)
将项目7中的employee表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
参考:
#清除employee表中数据
DELETE FROM employee;
#插入数据
INSERT INTO employee
VALUES(1, 'Joe', 70000, 1),
(2, 'Henry', 80000, 2),
(3, 'Sam', 60000, 2),
(4, 'Max', 90000, 1),
(5, 'Janet', 69000, 1),
(6, 'Randy', 85000, 1);
#查找每个部门工资前三高的员工
SELECT d.Name Department, e.Name Employee, e.Salary
FROM (
SELECT Name, Salary, DepartmentId,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY DepartmentId ORDER BY Salary DESC) r
FROM Employee) e
JOIN Department d
ON e.DepartmentId = d.Id
WHERE e.r <= 3; #若考虑前几高的员工,只需要改变 e.r <= n就行了, n表示前几高;
项目十二 分数排名 - (难度:中等)
依然是昨天的分数表,实现排名功能,但是排名是非连续的,如下:
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.50 | 6 |
+-------+------
参考:
#排名
SELECT Score, RANK()OVER(ORDER BY Score DESC) Ranks
FROM score;